Bio B Tau - Plant Structure, Growth, And Development (Ch.35)

Front 1

Anticlinal division

Back 1

Front 2

Periclinal division

Back 2

Front 3

middle lamella

Back 3

In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells.

Front 4

dermal tissue

Back 4

הרקמה החיצונית של הצמח

Front 5

Ground tissue

Back 5

רקמת היסוד (רקמת המילוי)

•Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are the ground tissue system

•Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is pith;ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is cortex

• Ground tissue includes cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, support, and transport

Front 6

COLENCHYMA

Back 6

A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restraining growth.

Front 7

PARANCHYMA

Back 7

A relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type.

Front 8

Sclerenchyma cells

Back 8

part of the ground tissue. a rigid,supportive plant cell type usually lacking aprotoplast (which means he dead) and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity.

Front 9

protoplast

Back 9

The living part of a plant cell, which also includes the plasma membrane. plant = protoplast + cell wall

Front 10

sieve-tube element

Back 10

A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms; also called a sievetubemember. Connected end to end, they form sieve tubes. no nuclei.

Front 11

companion cell

Back 11

A type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve-tube element by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve-tube elements.

Front 12

tonoplast

Back 12

A tonoplast is the membrane that surrounds the large vacuole in a mature plant cell.

Front 13

pattern formation

Back 13

The development of specific structures in specific locations is called pattern formation.

תכלס תהליך ההתמיינות בו כל תא מקבל תפקיד.

Front 14

Protoderm

Back 14

a thin outer layer of the meristem in embryos and growing points of roots and stems, which gives rise to the epidermis.

Front 15

Ground meristem

Back 15

The primary meristem in vascular plants that gives rise to the ground tissue.

Front 16

Procambium

Back 16

The primary meristem in vascular plants that gives rise to primary vascular tissues (phloem and xylem).

Front 17

Monocot

Back 17

חד פסיג

Front 18

eudicot

Back 18

דו פסיג

Front 19

endodermis

Back 19

In plant roots, the innermost layer of the cortex that surrounds the vascular cylinder.

Front 20

pericycle

Back 20

The outermost layer in the vascular cylinder, from which lateral roots arise. meristem for root.

Front 21

axillary bud

Back 21

ניצן חייקי

A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem.

Front 22

apical dominance

Back 22

Tendency for growth to be concentrated at the tip of a plant shoot, because the apical bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth.

Front 23

leaf primordia

Back 23

Leaves develop from leaf primordia along the sides of the apical meristem

Front 24

pith

Back 24

Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue in a stem; in many monocot roots,parenchyma cells that form the central core of the vascular cylinder.

Cortex+ pith = ground tissue

Front 25

Palisade mesophyll

Back 25

consists of one or more layers of elongated cells on the upper part of the leaf. do most of the Photosynthesis in the plant.

Front 26

Spongy mesophyll

Back 26

a)The spongy mesophyll in the lowerpart of the leaf; the loose arrangement allows for gas exchange.

Front 27

Guard cells

Back 27

The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing ofthe pore.

Front 28

cork cambium

Back 28

A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells. As the stem’s diameter increases, the outermost tissues exterior to the corkcambium rupture and are sloughed off.

Front 29

cork

Back 29

שעם

in secondary growth, replace the epidermis.

Front 30

Bark

Back 30

consists of all tissues exterior to the vascular cambium.

Front 31

Periderm

Back 31

consist of the cork cambium and the cork