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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
____ = genetic, selected for by natural selection
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adaptations
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____ = incidental/accidental, hitch-hiked with another trait, don’t always have a
genetic basis but do increase fitness |
adaptive trait
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The environment plays three
key roles in the production and evolution of animal behavior. What are they? |
selection, development, and releases behavior/facilitates learning
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Of the following four questions about behavior, which two are more concerned with proximate causes?
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ontogeny, mechanism
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Give an example of a behavior that contradicts this statement: “If a behavior is totally inflexible in adults and
is exactly the same the first time it occurs as the last time, then it is clearly genetically determined.” |
imprinting (goose on human, etc); IUP effects; zebra finch song
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Approximately what percent of mammals are monogamous? _____%
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3
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Ethology developed primarily in America/Europe and was dealt primarily with
proximate/ultimate causes of behavior |
Europe/ ultimate
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Name the three men (last names only fine!) who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for their behavior work.
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Lorenz, Tinbergen, von Frisch
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the fixed action pattern of the greylag goose: what is the releaser?
what is the consummatory act ? |
shape of egg outside nest
rolling egg back into nest |
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Natural selection takes place directly at the level of the gene.
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false
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Nottebohm’s work with the neural basis of canary song discovered three important characteristics of the
canary brain in terms of song. Name two of these findings. |
sexual dimorphism/ left hemisphere dominant over right/ brain is plastic, varies in size with
the season |
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____: knockout the gene, maternal behavior decreases
____: mutation= no smell and no sexual development/behaviors |
fosB
Kallman |
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___: mutation=more neurotic behaviors
____: lovebird nest-building or deer examples ____: dunce mutation or transgenic per gene and song length changes |
BDNF
Hybridization Drosphila |
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The combined action of enkephalins and substance P is an example of integration/summation.
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integration
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Name two of the three ways that neurotransmitters may be removed from the synaptic cleft. (*name third)
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diffusion out
enzymes degrade pumped back into presynaptic membrane |
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Is the intrauterine position effect (IUP) an example of an activational or organizational effect? EXPLAIN.
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organizational… permanent, occurs early in life and is maintained
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What is/are the advantage(s) of having a pulsatile release of hormones?
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prevents accommodation/ conservation of resources
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Behavioral estrus occurs during which phase of the rat estrous cycle?
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proestrus
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Give an example of an activational effect of testosterone in males
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rooster- castrated loses comb and crow and sexual behavior
hamster- flank glands and dominance rat- loses copulation behavior if castrate/ovariectomize rat- increase learning ability with estrogen monkeys- seasonal T levels, T levels around females and dominant male human- T levels and sport or other competition |
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The two major classes of endocrine disrupting compounds are ____ and ____.
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antiandrogens
environmental estrogens /(xenoestrogens) |
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ive one of the major conclusions/lessons learned from Harlow’s deprivation experiments with rhesus
monkeys. |
physical contact necessary for normal social development
social bonds from physical contact, not nourishment bare minimum (~15 min/day) of physical contact necessary for normal development |
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What type of development, in terms of social behavior, were rhesus monkeys shown to have through these
experiments? EXPLAIN why this is so, based on the experiments. |
semi-restricted or flexible
- able to have normal social behavior when raised with a dog! Or under adverse conditions (=not restricted) |
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When you successfully study with the stereo on in the background, you are demonstrating
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habituation
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Squirrels seem to be able to figure out how to steal seeds from a bird feeder no matter what people do to try
to prevent them. Squirrels most likely figure out how to get to the feeders using which type of learning? |
operant conditioning
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hormone agonist
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DES
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anthropomorphism
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clever hans
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learn communication skills
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social play
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female puberty accelerated if adult male nearby
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vandenbergh
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female spontaneously aborts fetus around new male
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bruce
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male reproductive performance increases with new female
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coolidge
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important for predator avoidance, socialization
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filial imprinting
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cowbird learns song
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restricted development
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epigenesis
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MAOA
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hormones with very specific effects
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peptide
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most common type of hormone
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peptide
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____ observations, while only practical for observing one individual at a time, are great for events, as well as states of course
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Continuous
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events are ____ behaviors
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short
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