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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
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they act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition
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The functional unit of the kidney is the
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nephron
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Which of the following statements about juxtamedullary nephrons is incorrect?
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their glomeruli lie in the renal medulla
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The peritubular capillaries
A. supply nutrients and O2 to the tubular cells B. take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules C. Supply substances that are secreted by the tubules D. all of these |
D. all of these
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Vasa recta are associated with
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juxtamedullary nephron
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The renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule is
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secretion
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The glomerular filtrate
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is a protein-free plasma and is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane
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The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mm Hg. The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure is 24 mm Hg. The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mm Hg. The net filtration pressure is _____ mm Hg
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36
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Changes in the glomerular filtration rates are accomplished through
A. autoregulation B. myogenic C. vasoactive responses in the afferent arteriole D. all of these |
D. all of these
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The macula densa
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consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Tubular reabsorption
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occurs by either active or passive transport and involves the process of transepithelial transport
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The Na+-K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located in the
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basolateral membrane of tubular cells
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The greatest percentage of Na+ reabsorption takes place in the
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proximal tubule
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Aldosterone
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stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules and stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule
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Which of the following does not play a role in Na+ reabsorption?
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vasopressin
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Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin
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only in the distal and collecting tubules
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Tubular secretion
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involves transepithelial transport and is the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid
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Tubular secretion of foreign substances, such as drugs, generally occurs in the
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collecting duct
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The ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron
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actively transports NaCl out of the lumen into the interstitial fluid and is always impermeable to H2O
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Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
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loop of Henle
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Select the incorrect statement about ADH
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it is produced by the distal convoluted tubule
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Micturition
A. is the process of emptying the bladder B. is a parasympathetic reflex C. is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited D. requires a relaxed external urethral sphincter E. all of these |
E. all of these
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When the bladder wall is distended as a result of urine accumulation, the stretch receptors are stimulated and send afferent impulses to the spinal cord that
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stimulate parasympathetic nerves, which return to the bladder and cause it to contract and inhibit the motor neurons that normally keep the external urethral sphincter closed
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The largest percentage of water is located in which body "compartment"?
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intracellular fluid
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The component that constitutes the largest percentage of body weight is
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H2O
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Extracellular fluid
A. increases plasma B. includes interstitial fluid C. constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid D. includes lymph E. all of these |
E. all of these
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The barrier between the plasma and the interstitial fluid
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is the blood vessel walls
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The primary anion of the ECF is
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chloride
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The ion in greatest concentration within the cytoplasm is
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potassium ion
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Sodium is directly or indirectly controlled through all of these mechanisms except
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by altering gastrointestinal absorption
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When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid
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will not shift between the ECF and ICF
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Hypothalamic osmoreceptors are nearest to
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vasopressin-secreting cells
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Which is a source of water input?
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fluid intake and ingested food
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Normal blood pH
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is slightly basic, and falls between 7.35 and 7.45
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Select the primary buffer system in the ECF
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bicarbonate/carbonic acid
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Remembering that compensation is not a cure which statement is incorrect?
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the respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis
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Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures
1. descending limb of loop of Henle 2. bowman's capsule 3. collecting tubule 4. ascending limb of loop of Henle 5. distal tubule 6. proximal tubule |
2,6,1,4, 5, 3
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The major source of water loss from the body is
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urine
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