Bio 213 Final Exam

Front 1

Membrane phospholipids associate to form bilayers T/F

Back 1

True

Front 2

Membrane phospholipids have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads T/F

Back 2

True

Front 3

Membrane phospholipids give the membrane fluidity T/F

Back 3

True

Front 4

Membrane phospholipids readily flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other T/F

Back 4

False

Front 5

The main difference between a cell that responds to a signal and the one that does not is the presence of a

Back 5

receptor

Front 6

The signals that bind to receptors of the same cell that made them are known as

Back 6

autocrine signals

Front 7

The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is

Back 7

protein kinase

Front 8

Which of the following is NOT a membrane receptor

Back 8

cortisol receptor

Front 9

Which of the following is NOT a second messenger

Back 9

ATP

Front 10

A researcher treats cells with a chemical that prevents DNA synthesis from starting. This treatment would trap the cells in which part of the cell cycle?

Back 10

G1

Front 11

The restriction point is

Back 11

G1-to-S transition

Front 12

Plasmodesmata are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

Back 12

gap junctions

Front 13

Biological membranes are composed of

Back 13

lipids, proteins and carbohydrates

Front 14

Which ofthe following includes all the others?

Back 14

passive transport

Front 15

Anartificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed in a beaker containing a different solution.

Initially, the solution outside the cell is____ to the cell

Back 15

hypotonic

Front 16

Knowledge of the cell cycle has led to improved means of treating cancer. The drug 5-fluorouracil blocks the synthesis of thymine. This drugs inhibits the cell cycle at the end of

Back 16

G1

Front 17

A deer smells a predator as it passes by and quickly bounds to safety. Which of the following represents the correct order of steps in the olfactory signal transduction pathway that is involved?a. Receptor binds signal, conformational change occurs in signal, signal travels to target cell, signal is transduced within the cell, effects from the signal transduction occur

Back 17

Signaltravels to target cell, receptor binds signal, conformational change occurs inreceptor, signal is transduced within the cell, effects from the signaltransduction occur

Front 18

__________ is an enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP?

Back 18

Adenylyl cyclase

Front 19

You view an animal cell through a microscope and observe dense, duplicated chromosomes scattered throughout the cell. Which state of mitosis are you looking at?

Back 19

prophase

Front 20

______is the region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together?

Back 20

centromere

Front 21

Nucleosomes

Back 21

consist of DNA wound around a histone core

Front 22

Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is NOT part of interphase?

Back 22

M

Front 23

The general structure of biological membranes is known as the ________?

Back 23

fluid mosaic model

Front 24

animal cell membranes may be up to ________ cholesterol

Back 24

25%

Front 25

What membrane proteins lack exposed hydrophobic groups and don't penetrate the bilayer?

Back 25

Peripheral membrane proteins

Front 26

What membrane proteins have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions and domains?

Back 26

Integral membrane proteins

Front 27

What is the technique that reveals proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayers of cellular membranes?

Back 27

Freeze-fracturing

Front 28

________________ extend all the way through the phospholipid bilayer

Back 28

transmembrane proteins

Front 29

Glycolipids have what ?

Back 29

carbohydrate + lipid

Front 30

Glycoproteins have what?

Back 30

carbohydrate + protein

Front 31

What is the same molecule sticks out from both cells and forms a bond?

Back 31

homotypic

Front 32

The cells have different proteins is what?

Back 32

heterotypic

Front 33

___________ help ensure directional movement of materials.

Back 33

tight junctions

Front 34

Desmosomes are like what?

Back 34

spot welds

Front 35

___________ allow communication

Back 35

gap junction

Front 36

What protein binds to the matrix outside epithelial cells and non covalent?

Back 36

integrin

Front 37

Some substances can pass through but not others is what?

Back 37

selective permeability

Front 38

No outside energy required (diffusion)

Back 38

passive transport

Front 39

Energy required is what?

Back 39

active transport

Front 40

the difference in concentration between one side of the membrane andthe other.

Back 40

concentration gradient

Front 41

The process of random movement toward equilibrium

Back 41

diffusion

Front 42

Diffusion rate depends on what ?

Back 42

diameter of molecules, temperature, and concentration gradient

Front 43

Small molecules pass through the lipid bilayer

Back 43

simple diffusion

Front 44

The diffusion of water

Back 44

osmosis

Front 45

Higher solute concentration

Back 45

hypertonic

Front 46

Equal solute concentration

Back 46

isotonic

Front 47

lower solute concentration

Back 47

hypotonic

Front 48

Plant cells with rigid cell wallsbuild up internal pressure that keeps more water from entering

Back 48

turgor pressure

Front 49

No cellular energy is required but cellular protein(s) and a concentration gradient are necessary

Back 49

Passive

Front 50

Integral membrane proteins that form a channel.

Back 50

Channel proteins

Front 51

Membrane proteins that bind some substances and speed their diffusion through the bilayer

Back 51

Carrier proteins

Front 52

Specific channel proteins with hydrophilic pores

Back 52

ion channels

Front 53

How does an ion channel allow one ion to pass through but not another?

Back 53

Its not a matter of size or charge of ion

Front 54

Water can cross a membrane by ‘hitchhiking’ with ions, or moving through special water channels called

Back 54

aquaporins

Front 55

What transports polar molecules such as glucose across membranes in both directions.

Back 55

carrier proteins

Front 56

The facilitated diffusion system is said to be

Back 56

saturated

Front 57

What protein moves one substance in one direction?

Back 57

uniporter

Front 58

What protein moves two substances in one direction?

Back 58

Symporter

Front 59

What protein moves two substances in opposite directions?

Back 59

Antiporter

Front 60

Symporters and anti porters are also called what and why?

Back 60

Coupled transporters because they move two substances at once

Front 61

What requires direct hydrolysis of ATP?

Back 61

primary active transport

Front 62

What is it when energy comes from an ion concentration gradient that is established by primary active transport?

Back 62

secondary active transport

Front 63

What is a primary active transport?

Back 63

The sodium–potassium (Na+–K+) pump (an antiporter)

Front 64

Where is the Na+- K+ pump found?

Back 64

animal cells

Front 65

Macromolecules can be taken in or secreted by means of what?

Back 65

Membrane vesicles

Front 66

What processes that brings molecules and cells into a eukaryotic cell?

Back 66

Endocytosis

Front 67

What process is when molecules or entire cells areengulfed?

Back 67

phagocytosis

Front 68

What process is when a vesicle forms to bring small dissolved substances or fluids into a cell and constant in endothelial cells?

Back 68

Pinocytosis

Front 69

What process is when material in vesicles is expelled from a cell?

Back 69

Exocytosis

Front 70

What is the sequence of events that lead to a cell's response to a signal?

Back 70

Signal transduction pathway

Front 71

What signals affect the cells that made them?

Back 71

Autocrine

Front 72

What signals affect only adjacent cells.

Back 72

Juxtacrine

Front 73

What signals affect nearby cells?

Back 73

Paracrine

Front 74

What does a signal transduction pathway involve?

Back 74

signal, receptor and responses

Front 75

What is signal transduction pathways can be interrelated?

Back 75

crosstalk

Front 76

Receptor proteins have very specific binding sites for what?

Back 76

ligands

Front 77

What else can bind to receptor proteins?

Back 77

inhibitors or antagonists

Front 78

Where can receptors be located

Back 78

cytoplasm or cell membrane

Front 79

What receptors are small or non polar ligands that can diffuse across the cell membrane?

Back 79

intracellular receptors

Front 80

What receptors are large or polar ligands that bind to cell membrane receptors?

Back 80

Membrane receptors

Front 81

What are channel proteins that allow ions to enter or leave a cell?

Back 81

ion channel receptors

Front 82

What receptor is a gated ion channel?

Back 82

acetylcholine receptor

Front 83

What receptor catalyzes phosphorylation of themselves and/or other proteins? Ex: insulin

Back 83

Protein kinase receptor

Front 84

What receptor has ligand binding change the shape of the cytoplasmic region, which binds to a G protein?

Back 84

G protein-linked receptor

Front 85

What protein binds GDP and GTP, receptor and effector?

Back 85

G proteins

Front 86

Where are intracellular receptors located and what do they do?

Back 86

Inside the cell (cytoplasm or nucleus) and they respond to physical signals such as light or chemicals

Front 87

What small nonprotein molecules can diffuse through the cytoplasm and mediate further steps in pathways?

Back 87

second messengers

Front 88

Protein kinase receptors bind signals called what?

Back 88

growth factors

Front 89

What is a pathway in which one protein kinase activates the next by phosphorylation ?

Back 89

protein kinase cascade

Front 90

What later removes the phosphate allowing the pathways to reset?

Back 90

phosphate enzymes

Front 91

In protein kinase cascade , the signal is what?

Back 91

amplified at each step

Front 92

What are the factors that influence the degree of fluidity of membranes?

Back 92

temperature and lipid composition

Front 93

What happens to animal cells in a hypotonic solution?

Back 93

they burst