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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
exocrine glands |
produce non hormonal substances such as sweat and saliva, and have ducts through which these substances are routed to a membrane surface |
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endocrine glands |
produce hormones and lack ducts |
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autocrines |
chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them |
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paracrines |
act locally but affect cell types other than those releasing the paracrine chemicals |
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two hormones that are steroids |
gonadal and adrenocortical |
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permissiveness |
situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present |
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synergism |
occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell, and their combined effected are amplified |
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humoral stimuli |
most simple of endocrine control systems |
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humoral stimuli |
endocrine glands secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients |
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neural stimuli |
nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
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hormonal stimuli |
many endocrine glands release their hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs |
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pituitary gland or hypophysis |
gland located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone |
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infundibulum |
stalk of the pituitary gland that connects it to the hypothalamus |
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thyroid |
largest pure endocrine gland in the body |
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tropic hormones |
thyroid stimulating, adrenocorticotropic, follicle stimulating, luteinizing |
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tropic hormones |
hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands |
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somatotrophs |
cells that produce the growth hormone |
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gigantism |
hyper secretion of growth hormone in children, still active epiphyseal growth plates |
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pituitary dwarfism |
GH deficiency in children |
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pineal gland |
may influence our day and night cycles and regulate the onset of sexual maturity |
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thymus gland |
gland declines in size and function with age |
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ovaries |
produce the hormones that promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics at puberty |
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posterior pituitary |
storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain |
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testes |
produces the hormones that direct the production of secondary sex characteristics in males |
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adrenal glands |
produce steroid hormones and gluccocorticoids and moneralcorticoids |
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hypothalamus |
produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ |
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oxytocin |
strong stimulant of uterine contraction and acts as a hormonal trigger for milk ejection |
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antidiuretic hormone |
prevents wide swings in water balance, helps body avoid dehydration and water overload, inhibits or prevents urine formation |
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diabete insipidus |
result of adh deficiency, output of huge amounts of urine and intense thurst |
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thyroid gland |
gland located in the anterior neck, on the trachea just inferior to the larynx |
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thyroid hormone |
body's major metabolic hormone, t3 and t4 |
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parathyroid hormone |
most important hormone controlling the calcium balance of the blood |
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mineralocorticoids |
function is regulation of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids |
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glucocorticoids |
influence energy metabolism of most body cells and help to resist stressors |
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addison's disease |
major hyposecretory disorder of the adrenal cortex, involves deficits in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids |
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pancreas
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mixed gland composed of both endocrine and exocrine gland cells |
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diabetes mellitus |
results from hypo secretion or hypo activity of insulin |
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gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle in the diencephalon |
pineal gland |
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growth hormone |
important anabolic hormone, many of its effects mediated by IGFs |
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luteinizing hormone |
tropic hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones |
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aldosterone |
causes reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys |