Bio 2 Exam 1

Front 1

Genetic variation

Back 1

Genetic differences that exists among individuals ina population at a particular part in time

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Genotype

Back 2

The genetic makeup of a cell

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Phenotype

Back 3

An individual's observable characteristics or traits. It is the effect that a genotype causes

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Allele

Back 4

Different forms of any gene and they corresponding to different DNA sequences

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Homozygous

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Individual who inherits an allele of the same type from both parents

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Heterozygous

Back 6

Individual who inherit different types of allele from their parents

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Gene

Back 7

Unit of heredity . The stretch of DNA that effects one or more traits in an organism . There are thousands of genes on a chromosome

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Genome

Back 8

The entire genetic material transmitted from a parental cell

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Single nucleotide polymorphism

Back 9

SNP a site in the genome where the base pair that is present differs among individuals in a population

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Gametes

Back 10

A reproductive haploid ( one set of chromosomes) . Gamete cells fuse in pairs to form a diploid cell

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Zygote

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The products of the fusion of two gamete cells

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Blending inheritance

Back 12

Disproven Theory in which traits in offspring resemble average of those in parents

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P1 generation

Back 13

Parental offspring

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F1 generation

Back 14

The offspring of the P1 generation which will always show the dominant allele

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Principle of segregation

Back 15

Principle by which 1/2 the gametes receive one allele and 1/2 receive the other. The literal separation of chromosomes that happens in meiosis

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Testcross

Back 16

Any cross of an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive genotype

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Incomplete dominance

Back 17

Which phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is an intermediate between those of homozygous genotypes.

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Addition rule

Back 18

The principle that the probability of either of two mutually exclusive outcomes occurring is given by the sum of their individual probabilities. Key words either and or

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Multiplication Rule

Back 19

Principle that the probability of two independent events occurring simultaneously is the product of their probabilities. Key word is and

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Principle of independent assortment

Back 20

States that the segregation of one set of alleles of a gene pair is independent of another

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Autosomes

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Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

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Morgan fruit fly

Back 22

Thomas Morgan discovered x linked genes after doing genetic crosses with fruit flies after noticing the male having white eyes instead of traditional red

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Criss cross

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An X chromosome present in a male must be given to female in next generation and then transmitted back to male in next generation

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Crossover

Back 24

Physical exchange of parts of homology chromosomes which take place in prophase I of Meiosis within gametes