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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is in the group of elements that makes up ~96% of the matter of living organisms? |
P O-Correct Ca K |
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What is the lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life? |
Cell- for example skin cell |
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table salt is made by combining sodium (a metal) and chlorine (a non-metal). What description best describes the bond made |
Na loses electrons and Cl gains electrons to form an ionic bond |
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What best describes carbon |
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds |
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An organism with a plasma membrane, a cell wall and a nucleus is found. scientists decide that it is a |
Plant |
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A human maintaining a Ph of 7.4 for their blood is an examples of |
Homeostasis |
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Which of the following is the correct order of the pH of bases from weakest to strongest |
Know that that the most basic base is 7 (neutral) and highest base is 14 |
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What best describes an atom of an element |
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, electrons are orbiting the nucleus |
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A molecule with 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids is a____ |
Triglyceride (fat molecule) |
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WHich of the following best describes the isotopes H2 and H3 |
Differing neutron numbers even though they are both hydrogen |
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A molecule containing ribose, a phosphate group, and guanine is a _____ |
Nucleotide of RNA |
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People who characterize the theory of evolution as "Just a theory" demonstrate: |
They do not understand that "theory" in science is a broad and overarching concept that explains a variety of observations and instead think scientists use the term "theory" as a synonym for "hypothesis" |
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Earwax, cholesterol, and butter are all examples of what maromolecule? |
Lipids |
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The joining of two adjacent amino acids is |
A peptide bond A dehydration reaction A covalent bond |
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A monomer of protein is called an |
Amino Acid |
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Amino Acids have |
An amino (NH2) end and an acid end (COOH) |
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Which macro molecule provides long term energy |
Lipids |
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This level of protein structure describes particular sequence of amino acids? |
Primary |
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Some macromolecules are long chains; others are ring shaped, what part of the macromolecules account for this difference? |
Functional group |
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Plants produce simple sugars through photosynthesis. These sugars are combined and stored as cellulose. this is an example of a _______ reaction |
Synthesis/Dehydration reaction |
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Which is an incorrect description of an organic molecule |
Usually uses ionic bonding |
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An unknown sample was tested with both benedicts (sugar) solution and iodine (starch) reagent. The sample with iodine turned black and after heating in a water bath, the sample with benedicts was red/orange. What was learned |
The tests were positive for glucose and positive for starch |
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What purpose is served when a test is done using water instead of a sample substance |
The water is the control (standard) |
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Which organelle is involved in synthesizing proteins? |
Ribosome |
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Which organelle is responsible for storing substances such as sugar, water, and pigments in plants? |
Vacuole |
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7 characteristics of life |
1)Order 2)Energy (hetero/autotrophic) 3)Grow/Develop 4)Reproduce 5)adapt to stimulii 6)homeostasis 7)adaptations |
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Which proteins act as ID tags and cell-surface attachment sites |
Glycoproteins |
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In which type of solution do animal cell burst |
Hypotonic |
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Which type of cell connections make cells leak proof; are made of strands of proteins to keep spaces between cells from leaking and are found in cells of tissues that serve as barriers |
Tight Junctions |
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Which of the following is not true about osmosis |
It is a form of active transport |
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Which form of Endocytosis is used by white blood cells and amoebas |
Phagocytosis (ingesting another cell) |
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Enzymes are a (an) |
Biological catalyst |
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Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is incorrect |
an enzyme can work on many pathways |
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Which of the following best describes enzyme inhibition? |
the product binds to the allosteric site and changes the enzymes shape |
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which of the following is true about atp |
It carries energy between different organelles It is recycles over and over within the body Molecule becomes ADP when providing energy |
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Glucose is a very large molecule with a lot of potential energy and therefore not very stable. This is an example of what concept? |
Entropy |
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What changes the tertiary structure of an enzyme |
Placing the enzyme in an environment with a temp of 100c (boiling temp of water) |
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The active site of an enzyme is the region |
(where the substrate binds to the enzyme) The active site of the enzyme is where the substrate of the reaction binds. When the substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site, this creates the enzyme substrate complex and the enzyme catalyzes the reaction. The allosteric region is a region other than the active site. When allosteric regulators bind to the enzyme, it changes the shape of the enzyme so that the substrate cannot bind, thus inhibiting the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction. The products are what are created by the reaction. A coenzyme or cofactor is sometimes needed before a reaction can take place. If one of these is needed, the enzyme cannot catalyze a reaction until the coenzyme or cofactor is prsent. |
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The movement of ______ is responsible, either directly or indirectly, for all the work done by living organisms |
Electrons |
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What are the net products of photosynthesis |
glucose and oxygen |
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During cellular respiration oxygen is reduced and glucose is oxidized. Which of the following is a correct description of this reaction? |
Oxygen gains electrons and glucose loses electrons |
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why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? |
It invests ATP initially in order to synthesize more ATP |
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During cellular respiration, most of the electrons used to make ATP are trapped in which molecules before the oxidative phosphorylation cycle? |
NADH and FADH2 |
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What is the correct order for the cellular respiration cycle? |
Glycolysis, Prep Cycle, Citric Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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in what part of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide produced? |
Krebs Cycle (prep cycle/ Citric Cycle) |
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why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen produce CO2 and water release energy? |
Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as carbon) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as oxygen) |
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Both aerobic respiration and anaerobic (the process used by yeast) produces carbon dioxide. Which of the following statements is correct regarding other products produced by the two processes? |
Aerobic respiration produces water / anaerobic respiration produces ethanol |
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The purpose of fermentation reactions is |
To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue |
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Which of the following best describes how plants use visible light? |
Blue and red are the most efficient, green is the least |
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When (which cycle) during photo synthesis does CO2 fixation occur to eventually produce glucose? |
Calvin Cycle |
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Photosynthesis takes place in the _______ while cellular respiration takes place in the _______ |
Chloroplast/ Cytoplasm and mitochondria |
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When is water oxidized and O2 produced during photosynthesis? |
Photosystem II of the light reaction |
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Light Reactions take place in the _____ while the calvin cycle takes place in the ______ |
Thylakoid/ Stroma |
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How are the light reactions and the calvin cycle connected |
The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the calvin cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions |
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Which process is most directly driven by light energy |
Removal of electrons by chlorophyll molecules |
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Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs |
Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves by directly using CO2 and energy from the sun |
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Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin Cycle |
Release of oxygen |
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The organic carbon in a tree comes primarily from? |
CO2 |
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A cell spends most of the cell cycle in |
Interphase |
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When the cell is in G1 interphase, the DNA is called |
Chromatin |
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Which of the following is true regarding DNA synthesis |
Occurs in the S Stage of interphase of both somatic cells and primary spermatocyes and oocytes |
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How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle? |
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA |
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Which of the following helps a species have genetic recombination |
Crossing over and Independent assortment |
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A human sperm cell ______ |
Is haploid |
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During anaphase I the chromosomes have ______ as they move toward the poles |
Two sister chromatids |
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Which of the following describes a person with sawyer Syndrome |
The person's Y chromosome has no SRY gene |
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Which of the following is an exchange of material between two non homologous chromosomes? |
Translocation |
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What is not true about a cancer cell |
Can be caused by mutations in genes that control cell division cycles |
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The inactivated X in the somatic cells of females is referred to as? |
A Barr Body |
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Fertilization of a haploid egg in humans results in _________ |
A diploid zygote |
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This is the shortest part of the cell cycle |
M |
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A gene's location along a chromosome is known as what? |
Locus |
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What is a karyotype? |
A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape |
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what is the name of the gene that makes the hormone called testis-determining factor in males |
SRY Gene |
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How and at what stage do chromosomes undergo independant assortment? |
Meiosis I metaphase alignment |
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A women with short fingers (dominant) marries a man with long fingers. They have a child with long fingers, what is the chance their next child will have long fingers. |
50% |
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In sheep, coat color is determined by a single, dominant gene on the autosomal chromosome. A white ram and a black ewe produce all black lambs in the F1 generation. The f2 generation had a 3:1 black: white ratio. Which color is dominant? |
Black |
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If a child has type O blood and the mother has type A, then which of the following could be the blood type of the child's father |
A, B, or O |
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Two non-colorblind parents have a color blind son (recessive) what is the genotype of the father. |
X^H Y |
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A man and women discover tthat they are both heterozygous for huntingtons disease. what is the probability that they can have a child with the disease. |
75% |
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Pink roses and wavy hair are examples of |
Incomplete dominance |
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A person who is a carrier for a disorder |
Has the recessive allele but does not show the disorder |
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Ionic Bond |
Bond between metal and a nonmetal (takes electrons) |
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Covalent bond |
Bond beetween two non metals and shares the electrons |
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Hydrogen Bond |
Easily broken bond that can have high polarity if it has one of the Big 3 (O,N,F) |
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Big 3 |
O,N,F |
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Isotope |
same element, different due to differing number of neutrons |
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Benedicts test |
Tests for sugars Red is positive |
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Lugols Test (iodine) |
Tests for starch turns black/blue |
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Sudan iV test (lipids) |
will turn red |
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Biuret test (proteins) |
Turns violet |