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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many bones are in the body?
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206
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List 4 types of bones
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long, flat, short, irregular
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what are the names based on
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shape
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give an example of each
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long- femur, humerous, etc
flat- sternum, ribs, skull short- phalanges irregular- vertebrae, calacaneous |
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Define sesamoid
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rounded and tapered, ex patella
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Define wormian
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best example= lamdoid suture
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List the 5 things that make up the axial skeleton
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skull
vertebrae ribs sternum hyoid |
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List the 2 things that make up the appendicular skeleton
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pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle |
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List the 6 functions of bone
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store/provide minerals, attachment for muscles,
protect soft tissues and organs, provide body with shape, make blood cells |
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where is blood mainly produced?
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cranial bones, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, proximal epiphysis of femur and humerous
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Name 3 vertebral curves
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Kyphosis
Lordosis Scoliosis |
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What is Kyphosis?
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dorsal distortion of the thoracic spine
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What is lordosis
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ventral distortion in the lumbar
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What is scoliosis?
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lateral distortion of spine
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What is a slipped disc?
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Herniation of nucleous pulposus
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What is the calvaria?
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Vault of skull
(frontal, parietal, upper occipital) |
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What is the function of the greater and lesser tuberosities andthe intertubercular groove?
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Muscle attachments
bone articulations nerve/blood vessel locations |
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Name the major sinus with problems
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Maxillary
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Name the weight bearing bone in the arm and leg
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arm: radius
leg: tibia |
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name the fingers
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Thumb: #1
pointer: #2 middle: #3 ring:#4 pinky:#5 |
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Define wormian
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best example= lamdoid suture
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List the 5 things that make up the axial skeleton
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skull
vertebrae ribs sternum hyoid |
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List the 2 things that make up the appendicular skeleton
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pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle |
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List the 6 functions of bone
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store/provide minerals, attachment for muscles,
protect soft tissues and organs, provide body with shape, make blood cells |
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where is blood mainly produced?
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cranial bones, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, proximal epiphysis of femur and humerous
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Name 3 vertebral curves
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Kyphosis
Lordosis Scoliosis |
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What is Kyphosis?
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dorsal distortion of the thoracic spine
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What is lordosis
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ventral distortion in the lumbar
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What is scoliosis?
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lateral distortion of spine
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What is a slipped disc?
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Herniation of nucleous pulposus
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What is the calvaria?
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Vault of skull
(frontal, parietal, upper occipital) |
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What is the function of the greater and lesser tuberosities andthe intertubercular groove?
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Muscle attachments
bone articulations nerve/blood vessel locations |
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Name the major sinus with problems
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Maxillary
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Name the weight bearing bone in the arm and leg
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arm: radius
leg: tibia |
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name the fingers
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Thumb: #1
pointer: #2 middle: #3 ring:#4 pinky:#5 |
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What does the head of a bone mean?
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The proximal, rounded end.
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What is the funtions of vertebral spines and processes?
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Muscle attachment
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What are the two ways joints are classified?
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According to movement
According to structure |
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What is synarthrosis?
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no movement
ex sutures |
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What is amphiarthrosis?
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slight movement
ex vertebrae |
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what is diarthrosis?
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free movement
ex elbow |
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Give an example of a bony joint
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skull
pelvic bones |
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Give an example of a fibrous joint
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radius-ulna
tibia-fibula pubic symphasis |
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Give an example of a cartilagenous joint
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intevertebral discs
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Give an example of synovial joint
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knee
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List 3 features of a synovial joint.
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synovial membrane -> produces fluid
held together by fibrous capsule ligaments that go from bone to bone |
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Define bursitis
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inflammation of the bursa
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Define prepatellar bursitis
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knee bursitis
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Define olecranon bursitus
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elbow bursitis
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Define bunion
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big toe bursitis
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Define meniscus
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another cushion
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Give an example of a ball and socket joint
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hip, shoulder
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Give an example of a hinge joint
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elbow
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Give an example of a pivot joint
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radius-ulna,
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Give an example of a condyloid joint
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wrist, b/w phylanges
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Give an example of a gliding/plane joint
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b/w carpals
b/w tarsals |
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Give an example of a saddle joint
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base of thumb
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Define flexion-extension
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shorten angle of joint
increase angle of joint |
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Define Abduction-adduction
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Move away from the body
move towards the body |
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Define pronation-supination
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palms facing down
palms facing up |
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Define foot inversion-eversion
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turning sole of foot inward
turing sole of foot outward |
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Define rotation
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rotating, obviously
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Define circumduction
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circular movement
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Define agonists
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muscles that work together to cause the same thing to happen eg: biceps brachii/ bracialis
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Define antagonists
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muscles that work to acheive opposite effects. eg: biceps brachii/ triceps brachii
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Define Aponeurosis
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tendon sheath that either encloses muscle ends or holds mucsles in position for support.
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Define Insertion
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where the muscle tendon attaches on the bone to cause movement
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Define Irritability
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ability for a stimulus to cause a contraction
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Define Origin
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Where the mucle attaches but does not cause movement.
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Define Prime Mover
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most important muscle involed in a particular movement
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Define tendon sheath
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covering of tendon which lubricates
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Define tonicity
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abitity of muscle to respond
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What are the 4 functions of muscle?
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Movement(contractions)
create body heat store glycogen gives form to body/protects organs in abdomen |
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Where are the smallest muscles?
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Middle ear
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What is the largest muscle
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gluteus maximus
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What affects the arrangement of muscle fibres?
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movement and strenth required
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What produces movement?
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coordination of several muscles contracting
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what is neurovascular hilum?
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where blood vessels and nerves enter a muscle
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what is the lengh of a muscle fibre?
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anywhere from 1mm to 30cm
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what is a flexor?
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muscle that increases the angle of a joint
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what is an extensor
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a muscle that decreases the angle of a joint
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what is an abductor?
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a muscle that moves a bone away from the body
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what is an adductor?
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a muscle that moves a bone toward the body
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What is a rotator?
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a muscle that moves a bone around its longitudinal axis
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give an example of each:
flexor extensor abductor adductor rotator |
flexor: biceps brachii
extensor: Triceps brachii abductor: deltiod adductor: Teres major rotator: Teres minor |
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Define element
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pure subtance made of one type of atom
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Define compound
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pure subtance made of two or more types of atoms
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Define atom
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the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
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Define molecule
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combination of atoms that may or may not be the same
(compounds and elements such as H2, o2 etc) |
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Define organic
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compound that contains carbon.
EXCEPTIONS: C0, C02, any radicals (co3) |
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Define inorganic
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compound that does not contain carbon.
same exceptions |
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Define molecular formula
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simply shows numbers of molecules
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Define structura;l formula
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tells how the atoms are organized inn space
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Define valence
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the number of electrons in the outer orbital of an atom
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Define bonding
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electron sharing, electron donation/acception
causes atoms to group together to form a compound |
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define monosachharides
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sugars made of one simple sugar eg glucose, fructose, galactose
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define disachharides
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sugars made of two simple sugars lactose, maltose sucrose
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define polysachharides
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sugars made of many simple sugars starch, glycogen, cellulose
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What does the benedict's test test for?
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Reducing sugars
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why do they change colour from blue to brick red?
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The copper sulfate (CuSO4) present in Benedict's solution reacts with electrons from the aldehyde or ketone group of the reducing sugar to form cuprous oxide (Cu2O), a red-brown precipitate.
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What does the fehling test test for
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the presence of aldehydes
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where is glycogen stored in the body?
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liver and muscle tissue
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what is the function of vaginal glycogen
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i give up ask kim
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