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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epithelial tissues are characterized as such because they
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cover both external and internal body surfaces
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Which muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movement?
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skeletal muscle only
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Give an example of positive feedback.
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Labor pains
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What kind of connective tissue has a liquid matrix?
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Blood
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The basic unit of nervous tissue is the
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neuron
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Structure in the living world is organized at hierarcah levels.
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Cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism
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The main function of muscle tissue is
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contraction
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which of the followng is most likely to be responsible if your blood sugar were to come back down following a rise?
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a homeostatic mechanism based on negative feedback.
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When body temperature is too low, what occurs?
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Blood vessels in the skin contract.
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The organ in the body most reponsible for maintaining water and salt balance is
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the kidneys
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Which of the following neurons is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
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Sensory Neuron and Motor Neuron
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The minimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is
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threshold
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The movement of an action potential along a neuron is most like
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a crowd at a sporting evet doing the wave around the stadium.
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning?
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Seratonin
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Arthritis is a common result of aging, affecting a person's ability to
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move their joints.
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Muscles are connected to bones by
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tendons
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Functionally, what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction?
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Sarcomere
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At a chemical synapse, what causes the ion channels on the receiving cell's membrane to close?
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the neurotransmitter is broken down by an enzyme
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Digestion is
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mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
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Muscular action propels food through the alimentary canal by a process called
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peristalsis
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How does helicobacter pylori cause gatriculcers in humans?
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it damages the stomach's mucous coat
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What mechanism helps prevent the gastric juice from digesting the stomach lining?
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mucus lining the inside surface of the stomach
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Someone with liver failure will, in particular, have problems with digestion and absorption of
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fats
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Absorption of water is one major function of which of the following structures?
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Colon
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The tongue performs what functions?
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Taste food, manipulate food, shape food into a ball, push food into the pharynx
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Movement of food from the stomach into the esphagus is usually prevented by
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a sphincter
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Which of the following is the usual cause of heartburn
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backflow of acid chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus
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Bile from the liver is stored in the
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gallbladder
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The epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections thatincrease the area for absorption called
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microvilli
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The two major divisions of the nervous system are
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CNS and PNS
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What carries oxygen-poor blood?
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Pulmonary arteries
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Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle?
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A more muscular wall is required to supply the pumping that powers the flow of blood into the systemic circuit.
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The one-way flow of blood in veins is maintained by
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valves
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Blood pressure is lowest in
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veins
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the pancreas increases its output of insulin in response to
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Increase in blood glucose
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if your blood pressure were 120/70 it would mean that
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your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your blood pressure during diastole is 70.
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Plasma is primarily what?
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Water
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You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing your consumption of
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fruits and vegetables.
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What path does a molecule of oxygen take from the nose to the respiratory surface?
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Pharynx - Larynx - trachea - Bronchus - Bronchiole - Alveolus
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Breathing is regulated by
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autonomic centers in the brain
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oxygen is mostly transported through the body
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bound to hemoglobin
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Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across
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Alveoli
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A new flu vaccine is needed every year because
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new flu strains are regularly evolving
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Which response occurs as part of our nonspecific defense system?
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Inflammation
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Histamine
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Causes local swelling of the affected area.
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A substance that can elicit an immune response is called
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Antigen
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Anaphlactic shock is an example of an
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allergic response
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Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?
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pancrease
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whic of the following hormonse causes a rise n the concentration of sugar in the blood?
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Glucagons
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Whenthe concentration of glucose in the blood rises followg the digestion of a meal, what is the hormonal response?
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Insulin is released, but not glugagons
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What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptons of diabetes mellitus?
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The body's cells can't absorb enough glucose from the blood
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Where in a woman's reproductive tract does fertilization most often take place?
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In the upper part of the oviduct
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A vasectomy
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prevents the movement of sperm to the urethra
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A diaphragm functions as a birth control device by
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Preventing the movement of sperm into the uterus
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Which of the following is not oneof the endocrine glands
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Alveoli gland
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Which of the following glands produces hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?
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Adrenal Glands
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Maintaining a dynamic balance between to much or to little calcium in the bood, or insulin in the blood is described by the general term:
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Homeostasis
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All of the following statements about hormones are correct except:
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they are carried by the nervous system
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In which fo the following ways are mature human sperm and ova similar?
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They both have the same number of chromosomes.
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Which of the following sequences does not indicate a DIRECT pathway that blood might follow in human circulation?
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Right ventricle - pulmonary vein
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Monohybrid Cross
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The parents differ in only one characteristic
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Homozygous
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An organism that has two identical allels for a gene//homozygote
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Heterozygous
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an organism that has two different allels for a gene//heterozygote
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Dominant allele
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the allele that determines the organisms appearance
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Recessive allele
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The allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
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Law of Segregation
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A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited trait since allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes
Applies to all sexually reproducing organisms |
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Phenotype
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an organisms physical trait
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Genotype
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an organisms genetic makeup
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The Law of Independent Assortment
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each pair of alleles segregates independently of he other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
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Dihybrid
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differs in two characteristics
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Nucleotides
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-long chains of chemical units
(polymers and monomers) -Nitrogenous base (Adenine, Cytosine, thyine, or guanine) -Sugar -Phosphate group -Joined by a covalent bond between the sugar of one nucloetide and the phosphate of the next -they only differ in their nitrogenous base |
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DNA
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-Double Helix
-James Watson and Francis Crick - |
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Heart Disease
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The leading cause of death in the United States between 1990 and 2000
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Allopathic Medicine
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The system of medicine that "embraces methods of proven value in the treatment of diseases"
Began developing in 1870 |
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The World Health Organization
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includes social well being within their definition of health
Is the most widely applied definition of health. |
