Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of Tissues in vertebrates |
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous |
|
Types of Epithelial Tissue |
Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cusodial Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Simple Squamos Epithelium |
|
Example of epithelial tissue |
Lining of gut |
|
Connective Tissues |
Cells scattered in an extracellular matrix of their own secretions |
|
Mos connective tissues contain: |
Fibroblasts Polysacharides Elastin |
|
Most abundant tissue in vertebrates |
Loose Connective tissue |
|
Dense, Irregular connective tissue |
Collagen fibers randomly arranged Can withstand stretching in any direction |
|
Dense, Regular connective tissue |
Fibroblasts are arranged in orderly rows Maximize strength in a single direction Main tissue in tendons and ligaments |
|
Specialized connective tissue |
Cartilege Adipose tissue(fat) Bone Blood |
|
Types of Neurons |
Sensory Interneurons Motor Neurons |
|
Skin layers |
Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis |
|
Skin Functions |
-Keeps the brain informed of external conditions -Serves as a barrier to keep out pathogens -Helps retain internal temperature -Helps conserve water in land vertebrates |
|
Melanocytes |
Make pigments called melanin which functions as sunscreen |
|
Where do you find hair follicles? |
In the Dermis |
|
What is the Dermis made up of? |
Dense connective tissue with stretchy elastin fibers |
|
Concussion |
Brian injury that occurs when brain impacts inside a bony skull |
|
CTE |
Neurological degenerative disorder that can involve memory loss, emotional issues, and dementia |
|
Nerve Net |
Mesh of interconnected neurons Present in animals with radial symmetry No central brain Info flows in all directions |
|
Nerve |
Bundle of neuron fibers wrapped in a connective tissue |
|
Bilateral symmetry |
Symmetrical down the middle |
|
Radial Symmetry |
No distinct right or left side |
|
Cephalization |
Evolutionary process that concentrate neurons that detect and process information at the head |
|
2 cell types in the nervous system |
Neurons and Neuroglia |
|
3 Types of neurons |
1) Sensory: Take impulses from a sensory receptor to CNS 2) Interneurons: Receive info in the CNS, send it to a motor neuron 3) Motor: Take impulses from CNS to an effector |
|
Myelin Sheath |
A lipid covering long axons that protects axons and increases speed of nerve impulses(Made up of shwann cells) |
|
Saltatory conduction |
'Jumping' conduction of nerve impulse from node to node |
|
Nerve Impulse |
Action Potential/Electrical signal |
|
How does a nerve impulse work? |
Resting potential -> Depolarization -> Repolarization -> Refractory Period |
|
The Synapse |
Region where axon terminals lie very close to the next neuron |
|
What is the small gap between neurons? |
Synaptic Cleft |
|
What is integration? |
The sum of all signals received by a neuron |
|
Acetylcholine |
Induces skeletal muscle contraction; slows cardiac muscle contraction; affects mood and memory |
|
GABA |
Inhibits neurons within the brain; Influences motor control and anxiety |
|
2 Types of nervous tissue |
Gray Matter: Cell bodies and non-myelinated fibers White Matter: Myelinated axons |
|
2 systems of peripheral nervous system |
Somatic and autonomic |
|
Somatic Nerves |
Carries signals from sensory neurons to CNE Carries commands to skeletal muscles |
|
Autonomic Nerves |
Relays signals from CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscke, and glands |
|
2 types of autonomic nerves |
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
|
Sympathetic Neurons |
Coordinate "Fight or Flight" response |
|
Parasympathetic Neurons |
Counters sympathetic system by causing a relaxed state |
|
Target Cells |
Target cells have receptor molecules that the hormone it senses fits into |
|
Local Hormones |
Affect neighboring cells, thus are not carried in the bloodstream |
|
Pherimones |
Chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals |
|
Peptide hormones |
Pepticides, proteins, glyco-proteins, modified amino acids; usually bind to receptors in cell membranes and begin a 'cascade' of events |
|
Steroid Hormones |
Lipids; Typically enter a cell and affect a gene activite and thsu protein synthesis |
|
Acromegaly |
Overproduction of GH that results in larger than normal feet, hands, face |
|
Thyroid Gland |
Large gland located below the larynx. Iodine needed in diet to allow thyroid to produce hormones |
|
Parathyroid glands |
Small glands embedded in surface of thyroid gland. Cause blood calcium level to increase |
|
Adrenal Glands |
On top of kidneys. |
|
Adrenal medulla |
Inside portion, stimulated by nervous system for short-lived fight or flight response |
|
Adrenal Cortex |
Outside portion, provides long-term response to stress |
|
Pancreas |
Composed to 2 tissues: Exocrine and Endocrine Creates insulin |
|
Diabetes: |
Inability to control blood glucose levels |