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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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place for anchoring of plant, receive water and nutrient minerals
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soil
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any element that is essential in an organisms life
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nutrient
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weathered rocks, nutrients for plants, provide spaces for air and water, mineral composition varies widely.
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Inorganic mineral particles.
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largest particles of soil
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sand
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Medium-sized particles of soil
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silt
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Finest particles
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Clay
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ideal for plant growth. 40% each sand and silt. 20% clay
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loam
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Decomposing organic material. nutrient rich. Absorbs water and swells; shrinks as it releases water.
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humus
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50% of soils volume. Filled with air and water.
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pore spaces.
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mutualism between soil fungus and plant roots. plant provides sugars. fungus provides nutrient minerals. hyphal network is extensive
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mycorrhizae
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mutualistic association between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and roots. Infection leads to localized tissue swelling. Present in legumes.
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root nodules.
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metabolic conversion of gaseous nitrogen to ammonia. important stage in the nitrogen cycle.
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nitrogen fixation
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extensions from the root epidermis. greatly increase the surface area available for absorption.
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root hairs
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epidermis
root cortex endodermis stele |
root structure
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prevents water and solutes from passing between cells into vascular cylinder. water and solutes must flow through cells. transport proteins control the flow of ions.
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casparian strips
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Water responds to solute concentration; moves osmotically into plant cells. when water loss is balanced by osmotically induced movement inward, plant is erect. If water concentration of soil drops, inward movement stops, plant wilts
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osmosis and wilting
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waxy coating secreted by epidermal cells
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cuticle
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opening across epidermis; guard cells
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stomata
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carry organic compounds.
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phloem
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flows both directions
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translocation
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