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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Behavioral Assessment:
How does a behavior occurs in the natural environment? |
Indirect Assessment
Direct assessment |
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Direct assessment
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Direct assessment: Direct observation and recording of the target behavior as it occurs
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Observation Period:
When and Where should we observe? |
When: Period when the target behavior is most likely to occur
Where:1) Natural Setting: Places where target behavior typically occurs (ex. Classroom) 2) Contrived setting: Setting not part of daily routine (ex. Playroom in clinic) |
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Indirect Assessment
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Indirect Assessment:Interviews, questionnaires, and rating scale.
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Measurement:
In which way can the target behavior be quantified? |
Frequency
Rate Duration Intensity Latency |
FRDIL
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Define Frequency
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Frequency:number of times a behavior occurs in an observation period
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Define Rate
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Rate: the frequency of the behavior divided by the time of the observation period
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Define Duration
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Duration: total amount of time occupied by the behavior from onset to offset
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Define Intensity
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Intensity: Amount of force, energy, or exertion involved in the behavior (ex. For hitting – pounds per square inch)
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Define Latency
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Latency: the time from some stimulus event to the onset of the behavior
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In which way can the target behavior be recorded?
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Continuous recording
Product recording Interval recording Time Sample recording |
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Continuous recording
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Continuous recording: recording every instance of target behavior during observation period
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Product recording
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Product recording:record the tangible outcome of permanent product of the occurrence of the behavior (consequence)
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Interval recording
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Interval recording: the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior in consecutive intervals of time during an observation period (ex. Within 15 min intervals, does the behavior occur?
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Time Sample recording
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Time Sample recording: recording the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior in discontinuous time intervals (time samples) during an observation period (ex. May be a 1 min time frame during a 15 min Interval)
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Designs:How do we measure Behavior Change?
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Baseline
Functional Relationship A-B Design A-B-A-B Reversal |
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Baseline
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Baseline: Observation phase or non-treatment phase
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Functional Relationship
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Functional Relationship: Behavior changes as a function of the procedure
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A-B Design
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A-B Design: to compare Baseline and Treatment to determine whether the behavior changed in the expected way after treatment
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A-B-A-B Reversal
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A-B-A-B Reversal: Baseline and treatment phases implemented twice for one behavior of one subject. Demonstrates a functional relationship
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Changing Criterion Design
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Changing Criterion Design: Performance criteria are specified. Successive goal levels for the target behavior should change during treatment
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GRAPHING AND MEASURING CHANGE
What are the three different multiple-baseline designs? |
Multiple-Baseline-Across-Subjects Design
Multiple-Baseline-Across-Behaviors Design Multiple-Baseline-Across-Settings Design: |
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Multiple-Baseline-Across-Subjects Design
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Multiple-Baseline-Across-Subjects Design:
Refers to a baseline and a treatment phase for the same target behavior of two or more different subjects |
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Multiple-Baseline-Across-Behaviors Design
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Multiple-Baseline-Across-Behaviors Design:
Refers to a baseline and a treatment phase for two or more target behaviors of the same subject |
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Multiple-Baseline-Across-Settings Design:
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Multiple-Baseline-Across-Settings Design:
Refers to a baseline and a treatment phase for two or more settings in which the same target behavior of the same subject is measured |
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Reinforcement
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Reinforcement: The process in which a behavior is strengthened by the immediate consequences/ stimulus that reliably follow its occurrence.
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Stimulus
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Stimulus: Is an object or event that can be detected by one of the senses, and thus has potential to influence the person
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Operant Behavior
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Operant Behavior: A behavior that is strengthened through the process of reinforcement.
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Reinforcer
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Reinforcer: The consequence or stimulus that strengthens an operant behavior
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Positive Reinforcement
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-The occurrence of a behavior
-is followed by the addition of a stimulus (a reinforcer) or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus. -which results in the strengthening of the behavior |
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Negative Reinforcement:
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-The occurrence of a behavior
-is followed by the removal of a stimulus (an aversive stimulus) or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus -which results in the strengthening of the behavior |
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Unconditioned Reinforcers
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Unconditioned Reinforcers: they can function as reinforcers the first time they are presented; no prior experience with these stimuli is needed for them to function as reinforcers; unconditioned reinforcers are sometimes called primary reinforcers.
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Conditioned Reinforcers
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Conditioned Reinforcers: a stimulus that was once neutral but established as a reinforcer by being paired with an unconditioned reinforcer; also referred to as secondary reinforcers.
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Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers
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Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers: a conditioned reinforcer that is being paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers
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Continuous reinforcement schedule
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Continuous reinforcement schedule: each occurrence of a behavior is reinforced (CRF schedule)
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Intermittent reinforcement schedule
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Intermittent reinforcement schedule:responses are occasionally or intermittently reinforced.
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Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule
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Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule: the delivery of the reinforcer is based on the number of responses that occur.
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Variable Ratio (VR) schedule
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Variable Ratio (VR) schedule: the number of responses needed for reinforcement varies each time, around an average number
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Fixed Interval (FI) schedule
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Fixed Interval (FI) schedule: the delivery of the reinforcer is based on an interval of time that has passed. In this case the interval of time is fixed.
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Variable Interval (VI) schedule
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Variable Interval (VI) schedule:reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs after a variable interval of time has passed.
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