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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are adreneric drugs?
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drugs that stimulate the SNS => alpha and beta receptors
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Stimulating this receptor leads to:
1. VC 2. inc peripheral resistance 3. inc BP 4. mydriasis 5. inc internal bladder sphincter tone What is it? |
alpha - 1 receptor
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The stimulation of this receptor causes dec NE release and dec insuling released...what is it?
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alpha -2
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Stimulation of this receptor causes
1. tachy 2. inc cardiac contraction 3. inc lipolysis what is it? |
beta-1 receptor
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Stimulation of this receptor causes
1. VD 2. small dec in total peripheral resistance 3. bronchoconstriction 4. inc gluconeogenesis 5. inc glycogen release 6. relaxes uterus what is it? |
Beta-two receptors
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Which dopamine receptor causes renal and mesenteric VD?
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D1
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Which dopamine receptor dec NE release?
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D2
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What are some adverse rxns of alpha blockers? 4
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1. orthohypotension
2. reflex tachy 3. vertigo 4. dec ejaculation |
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What is Phentolamine? When is it used?
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- used in HTN crisis
- dx pheochromocytoma non selective alpha blocker |
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What are 2 alpha 1 blockers and what are they used for? 2 and 1 side effect?
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1. Prazosin
2. Terazosin -HTN -BPH = dec tone of prostatic urethral smooth m. 1. syncope = first dose |
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What drug may be used to treat opiate or benzo withdrawal b/c it dec SNS outflow and dec blood pressure?
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Clonidine a central alpha 2 agonist
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What are 2 beta-2 agonist and their uses?
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1. Terbutaline - asthma and dec premature uterine contractions
2. Albuterol - asthma |
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Why can dopamine be used in shock pts?
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- acts as a pressor to raise BP and stimulates D1 receptors
- keeps renal and mesenteric arteries patent - inc inotropy |
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What are cholinesterase inhibitors? 4 examples
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inhibits the enzyme that degrades ACh, allowing it to have a prolonged effect and inc PNS stimulation
1. Physostigmine 2. Neostigmine 3. Edrophonium 4. Organophosphates |
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What 2 drugs may be used to treat myasthenia gravis with durations of actions 2-4 hrs? What effect do they have on the GI and bladder?
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1. Physostigmine
2. Neostigmine - inc motility of the GI and bladder |
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What is used to treat overdoses with tricyclic antidepressants and atropine?
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Physostigmine
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What cholinesterase inhibitor has the unfortunate side effect of spastic paralysis?
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Neostigmine b/c of its inc action of skeletal m.
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what drug is used to dx myasthenia gravis? What is an adverse rxn? how is it tx-ed?
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- Edrophonium
- cholinergic crisis - atropine is the antidote |
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What drug is used for insecticides, nerve gas, and closed angle glaucoma? What is the antidote?
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1. organophosphates
Antidote = Atropine or pralidoxime (2-PAM) |
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What receptors are stimulated by direct cholinergic drugs? Major adverse rxns? 5
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Muscarinic receptors
1. diaphoresis (sweating) 2. flushing 3. inc urinary urgency 4. N 5. D |
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What direct cholinergic drug is used for an atonic bladder ?
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Bethanechol - esp postpartum to inc the bladder's tonicity
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What direct cholinergic is used to treat acute angle glaucoma and how does it do this? And what is another drug with similar action but last like WAY longer?
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Pilocarpine -causes miosis allowing for better drainage of the aqueous humor through the canals of Schlemm
- Carbachol |
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What is atropine and Scopolamine?
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anti-muscarinic drugs that block M receptors and keep ACh from binding
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What is Atropine? 3 Actions? Where does it work?
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- M blocker
- belladonna alkaloid 1. reverse brady 2. reduces hyperactive bladder 3. dilates the eye - mydriasis kind of induces SNS like effects by blocking PNS centrally and peripherally |
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What are the adverse effects of Atropine? 8
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1. urinary retention
2. dry mouth 3. blurred vision 4. sandy eyes 5. tachycardia 6. constipation 7. confusion 8. glaucoma attack |
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What is Scopolamine? tx? side effects?
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- belladonna alkaloid, an anti-muscarinic drug with more central effect
- treats motion sickness - side effects short term memory block plus all other of atropine => glaucome, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth, etc. |
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What are antinicotinic drugs? examples? 3
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block cholineric (ACh) transmission between motor nerve endings and nicotinic receptors and produce complete muscle relaxation
1. Tubocurarine 2. Pancuronium 3. Succinylcholine |
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What is Tubocurarine? What muscles does it affect first? antidote?
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non-depolarizing competitive nicotinic blocker
- effects small rapid muscle then larger ones antidotes are cholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine or edrophonium |
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What is a depolarizing anti-nicotinic blocker that acts like ACh binding at the ACh receptor ? uses? 3
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Succinylcholine
- with persistence at the receptor flaccid paralysis occurs 1. endotracheal intubation 2. electroconvulsive shock 3. surgery |
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Succinylcholine adverse effects? 2
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1. apnea
2. malignant hyperthermia |
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What is malignant hyperthermia? What is the tx for it? How does it tx it?
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- may be caused by succinylcholine
malignant hyperthermia - causing Ca to be released and muscles to become rigid => muscle generate heat => hyperpyrexia - tx with dantrolene that blocks Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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What combination of drugs with succinylcholine inc the risk of malignant hyperthermia? 3
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1. Halothane
2. Aminoglycosides 3. Ca channel blockers |
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what are the drug form of estrogen sec hormones? 4
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1. Diethylstibestrol (DES)
2. Ethinyl estradiol - strongest 3. Estrone 4. Mestranol |
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What are the indications for estrogen sex hormone use and the side effects involved? 3 uses and 3 side affects
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1. contraception
2. hormone replacement therapy 3. replacement in deficienct individuals Side effects: 1. N/V 2. DES (no longer used) inc carcinoma in daughters of women who took it 3. inc endometrial cancer |
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What are the types of Progesterone sex hormone used and what are its uses? How does it work?
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1. Hydroxyprogesterone
2. Norethindrone 3. Norgestrel Works to maintian the endometrium inhibiting gonadotropin release, normally in response to LH 1. Contraception 2. Endometriosis |
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Side effects of Progesterone sex hormones? 5
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1. wt gain
2. depression 3. hirsutism 4. LDL;HDL ratio often inc 5. acne risk inc |
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Combo pills are normally made of what?
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1. Ethinyl estradiol
AND 1. Levonorgestrel 2. Norethindrone 3. Norgestrol |