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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Natural or Counting Numbers
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1, 2, 3, 4,...
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Whole Numbers
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0, 1, 2, 3,...
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Odd Numbers
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Whole numbers not divisible by 2.
1, 3, 5, 7,... |
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Even Numbers
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Whole numbers divisible by 2.
0, 2, 4, 6,... |
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Integers
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...–2, –1, 0, 1, 2,...
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Negative Integers
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...–3, –2, –1
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Positive Integers
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The natural numbers.
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Rational Numbers
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Can be written as a fraction.
Fractions, such as 2/4 or 5/6. All integers are rational. 7 may be 7/1. Terminating decimals are rational. Repeating decimals are rational. |
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Irrational Numbers
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Cannot be written as fraction.
Pi and square roots, for example. |
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Commutative Property of Addition
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ORDER does not make a difference.
1 + 3 = 3 + 1 a + b = b + a |
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Associative Property of Addition
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GROUPING does not matter.
(3 + 1) + 3 = 3 + (1 + 3) (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) |
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Identity Element of Addition
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7 + 0 = 7
a + 0 = a |
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Additive Inverse
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The opposite of any number.
a + (–a) = 0 |
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Commutative Property of Multiplication
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ORDER does not matter.
4 x 5 = 5 x 4 a x b = b x a |
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Associative Property of Multiplication
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GROUPING does not matter
(3 x 4) x 2 = 3 x (4 x 2) (a x b) x c = a (b x c) |
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Identity Element of Multiplication
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7 x 1 = 7
a x 1 = a |
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Multiplicative Inverse
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Reciprocal of the number.
Any number x reciprocal equals 1. 3 x 1/3 = 1 a x 1/a = 1 |
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Distributive Property
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2(4 + 3) = 2(4) + 2(3)
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Order of Operations for Grouping Symbols
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DO parenthesis, then brackets, then braces: ( ) then [ ] then { }.
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Order of Operations
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PEMDAS
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally Parenthesis then Exponents then Multiplication/Division then Addition/Subtraction. WORK from left to right on mult and div THEN work left to right on add and subtraction. |
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Expanded Notation
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674 = 600 + 70 + 4
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Rounding
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5 or higher, round up
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Divisibility Rule for 2
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Ends in even number, including 0.
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Divisibility Rule of 3
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Sum of digits is divisible by 3.
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Divisibility Rule of 4
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Number formed by last two digits is divisible by 4.
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Divisibility Rule of 5
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Ends in 0 or 5.
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Divisibility Rule of 6
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Divisible by 2 and 3 (use both rules)
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Divisibility Rule of 7
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No simple rule.
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Divisibility Rule of 8
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Number formed by last three digits is divisible by 8.
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Divisibility Rule of 9
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Sum of digits is divisible by 9.
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Factors
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Numbers multiplied together to get a product.
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Prime Number
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Only divided by itself and 1.
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Composite Number
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Divisible by MORE than just itself and 1.
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Numerator
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In a fraction, the number on top
2/5 2 is the numerator |
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Denominator
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In a fraction, the number on bottom.
3/7 7 is the denominator. |
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Proper Fraction
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Numerator is SMALLER than denominator
5/8 |
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Improper Fraction
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Numerator is LARGER than the denominator
9/4 |
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Mixed Number
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Contains whole number and fraction.
5 1/3 |
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Factors
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Whole numbers that when multiplied together yield the number.
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Common Factors
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Factors that are the same for two or more numbers.
Factors of 8: 1, 2, 4, 8 Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 Common Factors of 8 and 12: 1, 2, 4 |
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Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
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Largest common factor of two or more numbers
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Multiples
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Multiples of a number are found by multiplying that number by 1, of 2, or 3, etc.
Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12... |
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Least Common Multiple (LCM)
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Smallest common multiple that is common to two or more numbers.
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Adding and Subtracting Fractions
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Change denominators to lowest common denominator (LCD).
Add or subtract numerators and keep denominators the same. |
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Dividing Fractions
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Invert (turn upside down) the second fraction and multiply the two fractions together.
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Minus Preceding a Parenthesis
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When a minus sign is before a parenthesis, it applies to everything withing the parenthesis.
7 - (4 + 3 - 2) = 7 - 4 -3 + 2 = |
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Absolute Value
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Numerical value.
Distance in units from zero on number line. |-4| = 4 |
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Exponent
5^3 |
A number places above and to the right of a number. It is the power that it is to be raised.
5^3 = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125 |
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Exponent Rules
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x^1 = x
x^0 = 1 x^-3 = 1/x^3 |
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Squared
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A number multiplied by itself.
3^2 = 3 x 3 = 9 |
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Perfect Square
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The square of a whole number.
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Cubed
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A number multiplied times itself twice.
2^3 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 |
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Square Root of a Number
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A number when multiplied by itself gives you the original number.
Square root of 16 is 4 because 4 x 4 = 16. x^2 is x squared. x^1/2 is the square root of x. The square root of zero is zero. -4^1/2 is -2. |
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Powers of Ten
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10^3 = 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000
10^-3 = 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10 = 1/1000 |
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Scientific Notation
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A number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.
3.56 x 10^7 = 35,600,000 |
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Multiply in Scientific Notation
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(3 x 10^3)(4 x 10^2) = 1.2 x 10^6
Multiply whole #s and add exponents. |
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English Measurements
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5,280 feet = 1 mile
16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb) 2,000 pounds - 1 ton (T) 2 cups = 1 pint (pt) 2 pints = 1 quart (qt) 4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal) |
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Metric Measurements
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kilo = thousand
hecto = hundred deka = ten deci = tenth centi - hundredth milli = thousandth |
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Precision
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Exactness of measurement.
The smaller the unit of measurement, the more PRECISE the measurement. |
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Perimeter of a Square
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P = 4s
P is perimeter and s is side. |
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Perimeter of a Parallelogram
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P = 2l + 2w OR 2(l +w)
P is perimeter, l is length, w is width. |
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Area of Triangle
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A = 1/2bh
A is area, b is base, h is height. |
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Perimeter
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P stands for perimeter.
The total distance all the way around the outside of a polygon. |