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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
M phase (mitotic phase)
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The phase of the cell cycle during which growing cells divide. It includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
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chromosome
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A single long molecule of DNA and any associated proteins.
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sister chromatid
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The paired strands of a recently replicated chromosome that has not yet divided.
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centromere
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The region joining two sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis.
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centriole
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One of two small cylindrical structures found together near the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Together they are called the centrosome and serve as a microtubule hub for the cytoskeleton.
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interphase
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The part of the cell cycle during which no cell division occurs.
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centrosome
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The microtubule-organizing center responsible for mitotic spindle formation, consisting of two centrioles located together near the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. During cell division, it replicates into two daughter centrosomes, each of which organizes one end of the mitotic spindle.
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microtubule
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A long tubular polymer of protein subunits that is involved in several types of cell movement and transport of materials within the cell.
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prophase
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The first stage of mitosis, during which chromosomes become visible, the mitotic spindle forms, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
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mitosis
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Nuclear division in eukaryotes producing two daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to the parent.
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mitotic spindle
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An array of microtubules formed during cell division that moves chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.
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prometaphase
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The second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope disintegrates and spindle fibers from each mitotic spindle attach to one of the two sister chromatids of each chromosome.
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nuclear envelope
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A complex double membrane that encloses the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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kinetochore
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The attachment that forms during cell division between the microtubule of a spindle fiber and a chromosome. It contains motor proteins that move the chromosomes along the microtubule.
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motor protein
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A protein that converts chemical energy in ATP to mechanical work.
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metaphase
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The third stage of mitosis, during which chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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chromatid
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One of the daughter strands of a chromosome that has recently been copied (during mitosis or meiosis) and that is still connected to the other daughter strand. Upon separation from each other, the chromatids become chromosomes.
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anaphase
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The fourth stage of mitosis, during which sister chromatids separate and chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
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telophase
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The fifth and final stage of mitosis, during which a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of daughter chromosomes and the mitotic spindles disintegrate.
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cytokinesis
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The division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
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cell cycle
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The sequence of stages that a dividing eukaryotic cell goes through from the time it is created (by division of a parent cell) to the time it undergoes mitosis. Includes M, G1, S, and G2 phases.
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S phase
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The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are duplicated; the middle part of interphase.
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G2 phase
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The phase of the cell cycle between DNA synthesis (S phase) and mitosis (M phase); the last part of interphase.
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M phase
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The phase of the cell cycle during which mitosis occurs; includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
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interphase
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The part of the cell cycle during which no cell division occurs. Includes the G1 phase, the S phase, and the G2 phase.
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sister chromatids
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The paired strands of a recently replicated chromosome that has not yet divided.
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centromere
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The region joining two sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis.
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cytokinesis
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The division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.
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cell-cycle checkpoint
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A point in the cell cycle that is regulated, and at which the cell cycle can be stopped.
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growth factor
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A polypeptide or small protein that is secreted by certain cells and that stimulates other cells to divide or to differentiate.
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cyclin-dependent kinase
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A protein kinase, activated only when bound to a cyclin, that is involved in the control of the cell cycle.
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mitosis-promoting factor
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A complex of two proteins that causes cells to enter the M phase of the cell cycle.
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metaphase
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A stage in cell division (mitosis or meiosis) during which chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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mitotic spindle
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An array of microtubules formed during cell division that moves chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.
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mitosis
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Nuclear division in eukaryotes producing two daughter nuclei that are genetically identical to the parent.
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G1 phase
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The phase of the cell cycle that constitutes the first part of interphase before DNA synthesis.
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