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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anion |
negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons |
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atom |
the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element |
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atomic mass |
calculated mean of the mass number for an element’s isotopes |
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atomic number |
total number of protons in an atom |
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balanced chemical equation |
statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants |
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cation |
positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons |
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chemical bond |
interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in the formation of molecules |
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chemical reaction |
process leading to the rearrangement of atoms in molecules |
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chemical reactivity |
the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other |
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compound |
substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements |
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covalent bond |
type of strong bond formed between two of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms |
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electrolyte |
ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions and water balance |
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electron |
negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of –1 unit |
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electron transfer |
movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creation of ionic bonds |
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electronegativity |
ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms |
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element |
one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons |
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equilibrium |
steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system |
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hydrogen bond |
weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms to slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules |
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inert gas |
(also, noble gas) element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms |
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ion |
atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons |
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ionic bond |
chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions) |
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isotope |
one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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mass number |
total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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matter |
anything that has mass and occupies space |
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molecule |
two or more atoms chemically bonded together |
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neutron |
uncharged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu |
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noble gas |
element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms |
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nonpolar covalent bond |
type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them |
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nucleus |
core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons |
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octet rule |
rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells |
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orbital |
region surrounding the nucleus; contains electrons |
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periodic table |
organizational chart of elements indicating the atomic number and atomic mass of each element; provides key information about the properties of the elements |
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polar covalent bond |
type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in the creation of slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule |
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product |
molecule found on the right side of a chemical equation |
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proton |
positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1 |
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radioisotope |
isotope that emits radiation composed of subatomic particles to form more stable elements |
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reactant |
molecule found on the left side of a chemical equation |
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reversible chemical reaction |
chemical reaction that functions bi-directionally, where products may turn into reactants if their concentration is great enough |
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valence shell |
outermost shell of an atom |
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van der Waals interaction |
very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together |