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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Asepsis |
The absence of infectious organisms. |
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Aseptic techniques |
Restricts microorganisms in the environment and on equipment and supplies from contaminating surgical wound. It also prevents normal body flora from contaminating surgical wound. |
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External barriers |
Skin and mucuos membranes which are usually impervious to most pathogenic organisms. |
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Inflammatory Response |
Prevents an invading pathogen from reproducing and possibly involving other tissue. |
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Immune response |
It involves the barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. |
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Carrier |
Person who harbors one or more specific pathogens in the abscence of discernible clinical disease. |
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Contamination |
Presence of pathogenic organisms on or in animate or inanimate object. |
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Infection |
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues causing cellular injury attributable to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication or antigen antibody response. |
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Superficial SSI |
Infection of the skin and tissue. |
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Deep incisional SSI |
Infection of the deep soft tissue, fascia and muscle. |
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Organ or space SSI |
Infection of any part of the anatomy other than the incision. |
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Transmission of microorganisms |
-by direct contact with an infectious person's articles or skin. - by air |
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Characteristics of microorgansims |
-unicellular untis (one cell) -protista (plant kingdom) -microscopic -protoplasm
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Classification of microorganisms |
cocci- round bacilli- rod or tubular spirilla- spiral or corkscrew- have the ability to move on their own. |
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Cell membrane |
maintains the shape of the microorganisms. |
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Cytoplasm |
Contains the microorganism's water content and most of the work is carried out here. |
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Nucleus |
Contains the genetic makeup of the cell. |
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Slime layer |
The capsule that completely surorunds the cell and acts as a protective layer which has disease producing power. |
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Factors that affect growth in microorganisms |
Moisture, O2, Nutrition, Temperature |
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Mesophilis |
37 deg celcius - body temp
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Thermophil |
100 deg celcius, can survive at boiling point og H2O. |
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Psychropil |
0 deg celcius |
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Aerobic |
need O2 to grow and survive |
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Anaerobic |
can't grow if O2 is present. |
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Facultative |
can survive with or without O2. |
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Food sources for microorganisms |
Glucose, phosphorus, proteins, O2, Nitrogen, Sulphur |
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Asexual reproduction |
Reproduction which does not involve fertilization. Reproduces at a fast rate (hrs/days). |
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Bacteriostatic agent |
Inhibits growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them. |
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Bactericidal |
Destroys bacteria. |
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Diplococci |
2 paird (dipole) |
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Streptococci |
Chains. Causes: rheumatic fever, endocarditis |
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Staphylococci |
Harmless masses. Clusters prevalent in the skin |
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Bacterial endospores |
Bacteria that form hard outer shells to help them survive in unfavorable conditions. e.g bacillus, cocci and closttridium
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Harmful bacterial endospores |
Anthrax and Tetanus |
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Fungal spores |
Very resistant spores that are difficult to kill and spread through contact, floating on water or floating in the air. Most are helpful. |
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Harmful fungi |
tinea pedis, ringworm, vaginitis, meningitis |
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Yeast |
Non filamented organisms that contain no chlorophyll and gives off enzymes which cause chemical changes in sugar. They are generally beneficial. |
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Candida |
Causes 70 percent of yeast infections. |
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Mold |
Contain long filaments and can be found in decomposed organic matter. Also found in buildings where warm, moist conditions exist. |
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Viruses |
Simplest form of life that is much smaller than bacteria and are avle to pass through bacteria filters. |
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Skin |
First line of defense and protects the entire body. |
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Mucus membranes |
Traps pathogens, dirt and particulate matter so that they can be sequestered and eliminated by the body. |
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Lymph system |
Produce antibodes and contain nodes that act as a filtering system. |
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Spleen |
Synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes antibody coated bacteria along with antibody coated blood cells. |
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Immune system |
Collection of organs, cells and tissues that work together to protect your body from disease caused mostly by pathogens. |
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Inflammation |
Local tissue reaction due to injury. |
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Causes of inflammation |
ChESTER- chemicals, excessive heat, sun, trauma, electricity, radiation |
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Signs of inflammation |
PRISH- pain, redness, immobility, swelling and heat |
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Boil |
A collection of pus beneath the skin |
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Carbuncle |
Mass collection of boils |
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Pus |
Dead bacteria and tissue |
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Septicemia |
The presence of bacteria in blood and is often associated with severe infection. |
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Cavitation |
The process of rising bubbles bursting which creates a vaccuum effect during ultrasonic cleaning. |
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Factors that affect ultrasonic cleaning |
Temperature, detergent, time 20-60mins |
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Sterilization wrappers |
muslin, paper, plastic peel packs (gas only) |
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Sterilization |
Complete elimination of microbial viability. |
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Types of sterilizations |
steam (safest most practical means) chemical sterilization (cold sterilization) |
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gravity or downwards displacement sterilizer |
Steam enters tube to release air. 250 deg F for 30 mins. |
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prevaccuum or mechanical air removal high temp sterilizer |
Steam replaces vacuum. 272 deg F for 4 mins. 5 cycles. |
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Bowie dick test |
Detects the presence of air leaks. |
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High speed pressure sterilization |
utilizes high temperature by increasing pressure . Used for rapid sterilization. 270 deg F at 21 psi. |
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5 phases of steam sterilization |
loading, heating, destroying, drying and cooling, testing phases. |
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types of chemical sterilization |
liquid (cidex) - gas (ethylene oxide)- colorless, inhalation effects of ammonia. |
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Ethylene oxide |
colorless, inhalation effects of ammonia. 3-7 hours, gas concentrated at a temp of 70 to 140. Humidity of 40 to 60 percent. |
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Cidex |
Activated 2% glutaraldehyde. Instruments submerged for 10 mins. Once activated it is only good for 14 days. |
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Formaldehyde |
Oldest form of liquid sterilization. takes 12-24 hours to be effective and is caustic to tissue. |
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Disinfection |
The process of destroying or inhibiting disease-producing microorganisms outside the body. May not destroy spores. |
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Disinfectant |
Chemical used to disinfect inanimate object (outside the body). |
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Antiseptic |
Chemical used to disinfect or inhibit microorganisms in an animate object (skin, hand) |
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Bacillus stearothermophilus |
Control for spore forming organisms. |
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Bacilus subtilis |
used to monitor ETO sterilization |
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Surgical hand scrub |
The ‘Gold Standard’ for surgical asepsis. |
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Gloving |
Provide a barrier between the patient and the health care worker, decreasing the probability of exposing the patient to exogenous organisms with a resulting surgical site infection or the heath care worker to exposure or to blood or other potentially infectious material. |
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Closed-gloving Technique |
Technique of choice for initial gloving. |