Ascp Mlt Hematology

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erythropoiesis

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production of rbcs

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hematopoiesis

Back 2

production of blood cells

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what is it called when hbg has a decreased oxygen affinity

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right shift

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what is it called when hbg has a increased oxygen affinity

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left shift

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what are the 3 hemoglobin types

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hbg a
hbg a2
hbg f

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what are they composed of

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hbg a= 2 alpha & 2 beta
hbg a2= 2 alpha & delta
hbg f= 2 alpha & gamma

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blister cell

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rbc thatt contains one or more vacuoles that resemble a blister

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helmet cell (shiztocyte)/shistocyte

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a cell that looks like football helmet, or may just be a fragment of rbc, seen in hemolytic anemia due to severe burns, and uremia

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sickle cell/ drepanocyte

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sickle cell anemia

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stomatocytes

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rbc an oval area of palor, seen in alcholism, hereditary stomatocitosis, and rh null disease

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target cells/codocyte

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looks like bullseye, seen in hbg c, and s, liver disease, thalassemia and ida

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teardrop cell/dacryocyte

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shaped like tear or pear, seen in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, thalassemias

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siderocytes/sideroblasts

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iron in rbc, when stained with wright stain is called pappenheimer bodies

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basophillic stippling

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associated with impaired heme synthesis, seen in thalassemia and lead posioning

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cabot ring

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looks like figure 8, seen in lead poisoning and pernicious anemia

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heinz bodies

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only seen in supervital methlyene blue stain, associated with abnormal hemeglobins, g6pd deficiency and alpha thalassemia

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howell jolly bodies

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nuclear remnants of dna, seen in splenectomy, megaloblastic anemia and hemolytic anemia

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when do specific (secondary) granules appear in wbc

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myelocyte stage

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neutrophils

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50% in circulation
50% adhere to wall of blood vessels(marginal pool)

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eosinophils

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inflammatory reactions and parasitic infections

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basophils

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systemic allergic reactions, high concentratons of histamines and heparin

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monocytes

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mature into macrophages

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t lymphs

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live several months to several years, important for antigenic memory, apart of cellular immunity

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b lymphs

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live for a few days, apart of humoral immunity

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toxic granulation

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seen primarily in neutrophils, seen in infections, drug poisoning and burns

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dohle bodies

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seen in cytoplasm of neutrophils, seen in infections, poisoning(chemo), burns and dohle like inclusions in may hegglin anomaly

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hypersegmentation

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6 or more lobes, seen in megaloblastic anemias, chronic infections and inheirited representing abnormal cellular maturation

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pelger-huet anomaly

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genetic failure of neutrophils nucleus to segment properly, all the segs fail to segment properly making this one easy to identify

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may hegglin anomaly

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causes large dohle like inclusions in neutrophils, platelets abnormally large&bizarre shapes,may experience bleeding problems

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chekiak-higashi syndrome

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rare fatal hereditary disorder found in kids, makes them prone to infections because of neutrophils impaired function, neut,monos,and lymphs are affected with large granules which are bluish purple in neuts, and reddish purple in the others

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alder-reilly anomaly

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heavy azurophillic granulation seen primarily in neutro, eos,
and basos, caused by mucopolysaccharide disorder seen in patients with hurler and hunter syndromes

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auer rods

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rod like bodies that stain reddish purple and found in cytoplasm of blast cells in acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemias

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barr body

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nuclear chromatin projection seen in females with a second x chromosome

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degenerated neutrophil with pyknotic nucleus

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very round segments representing nuclear degeneration, cell death

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vacuolated neutrophil

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neutrophil with vacuoles, due to active phagocytosis

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mott cell

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plasma cell with vacuoles

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smudge cell

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cellular artifact created when preparing slide due to cellular fragility, its the nucleus without cytoplasm

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atypical platelets

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most often seen in myeloproliferative disorders

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chemotaxis

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directed movement of neutrophils, lymphs, and monos by chematic factors

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opsonization

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antigens coated with antibodies which usually leads to phagacytosis

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necrotaxis

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attraction to dead or dying things

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necrophagocytosis

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ingestion of dying cells and cellular debris

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large lymphs

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nucleus is round/oval, may be indented, chromatin is condensed to deeply condensed. cytoplasm sky blue, may have few azurophilic granules. rbcs generally indent cytoplasm

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monos

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nucleus is more variable, horeshoe or kidney shaped. folds or clefts brainlike convolutions. chromatin is fine lacy, cytoplasm blue gray and may have pseudopods.