Asb Test 2

Front 1

Excavation:

Back 1

• Expensive and Time consuming
• Exposure, Processing and recording of archeological remains
• To record context of artifacts in an empirically recreated fashion
o Recover artifacts location and do stratigraphy of the site.

Front 2

 Stratigraphy

Back 2

Study of stratified objects,
 Understanding how arch. Sediment is laid

Front 3

 Principle of Superposition:

Back 3

Older Layers below most recent layers

Front 4

 Provenience:

Back 4

Where things are within a site
• 3 Dimensional location
• N, W, S, E Location
Survey:

Front 5

Survey:

Back 5

• Discovery and recording of archaeological sites or other human-created features, such as roads and irrigation
• Cheaper Less Destructive

Front 6

Textual Evidence:

Back 6

• Evidence in writing

Front 7

Willard Libby:

Back 7

• Did research on unstable radio isotopes
• Found out that they have a half life

Front 8

Half Life:

Back 8

Time it takes for half of mass of radio active material to break down from radioactive form to stable form

Front 9

Cambridge Half Life:

Back 9

• Period of Time it takes half mass of 14C to turn into 14N
• 5730 +/- 40 …5,00 0 to 6,000

Front 10

ABOLUTE DATING

Back 10

Numerical date

Front 11

Terminus ante quem

Back 11

Point BEFORE which

Front 12

Terminus post quem

Back 12

Point AFTER which

Front 13

Calendrical Dating:

Back 13

• Using historical records that record the specific time and date of an event
• Date of text, on a coin, tombstone, building etc.
• Pompeii, August 24, AD 79

Front 14

Dendrochronology:

Back 14

(Tree Ring Dating)
• Trees grow at variable rates
• Count rings from outside (earliest) to inside (modern)
• Compare widths
• When 20 widths are equal, you can go back in time
• Use outer most sample
• Use: Find death date of tree
• Created by A.E. Douglas

Front 15

A.E. Douglas

Back 15

o Astrologer from UofA
o Correlating rain fall on earth with sun spots on sun
o Used tree growth as Proxy Data
P.D.-indirect indications of data you want to collect but can’t
o Douglas wanted rain fall data from the way past,
o He argued tree growth rings would help him find this out

Front 16

Radiometric Dating:

Back 16

• Based on known decay rates of radioactive isotopes, or on the known rates of other natural phenomena

Front 17

14C=Radiocarbon dating:

Back 17

• Year Organic Material died
• Uses naturally occurring radioisotope Carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years.
• Only works on organic material, material that breathed the atmosphere
o Example: Charcoal, trees, plants,

Front 18

Potassium Argon Dating: (KAr)

Back 18

• Volcano erupts
• The molten rocks contain radioactive isotopes
• Rock freezes
• Makes gas called, Potassium Argon, KAr
• Bust Rock get gas get date
• Works on Igneous rock
• Never dates artifacts
• Dates strata rock, when sample solidified, liquidsolid

Front 19

Thermo luminescence:

Back 19

• Works best on Clay, pottery. Also on quartz
• Hit by sun’s photons
• Photons get stuck in clay
• When you fire the clay, releases radiation energy, resets clock
• Measure trapped radiation from when poetry was fired last
• No time limit

Front 20

Serration:
• Stylistic (poetry picture exercise)
o Change in style through time
o Dress, ideas, way they carry themselves
o Sir Flanders Petrie:•
Frequency:
• Battle Ship curves:

Back 20

• Stylistic (poetry picture exercise)
o Change in style through time
o Dress, ideas, way they carry themselves
o Sir Flanders Petrie:•
Frequency:
• Battle Ship curves:

Front 21

Stylistic

Back 21

(poetry picture exercise)
o Change in style through time
o Dress, ideas, way they carry themselves

Front 22

Sir Flanders Petrie:

Back 22

 Born in England
 Goes to Egypt, assigned to Diospois Pana
 Found 2000 Rock cut tombs from Predynastic
Period=4000-300BC
 Only pots were left, all good stuff raided and taken
 Pots varied in width and handles
 Sequence Dating: Lined up by similar styles and sizes
 1942 dies, head removed and sent to England
 1945 head put In formaldehyde ad in jar

Front 23

 Sequence Dating:

Back 23

Lined up by similar styles and sizes

Front 24

• Frequency:

Back 24

o Things we use change in time, style changes in time
o Not predictable
 James (Jim) Deetz
 American Historical Archeologist

Front 25

 James (Jim) Deetz

Back 25

 American Historical Archeologist
has to do with frequency

Front 26

• Battle Ship curves:

Back 26

o Shape of serration graph formed by points
o Represent things such as the rise in popularity, period of
popularity and eventual decline
o (what that extra credit assignment was)

Front 27

Stratigraphy:

Back 27

Study of stratified objects,
• Understanding how arch. Sediment is laid
o Principle of Superposition:
 Provenience:

Front 28

o Principle of Superposition:

Back 28

Older Layers below most recent layers

Front 29

 Provenience:

Back 29

Where things are within a site
 3 Dimensional location
• N, W, S, E Location

Front 30

B.P:

Back 30

• Before Present
• Only dates things that die before 1950

Front 31

Boucher de Perthes:

Back 31

• Rock hound, geologist
• Abbeville Graves in Abbeville France
• Relic stream head (dry stream bed)
• Found animal bones and human remains
• Used Superposition to argue that area was exceptionally old
• Used Association:
o Animal and human remains in same area
o Things found in same strata close, sate same time
o People and Animals were around same time
• Argued people had been around a very long time
• 4004 BC Adam and Eve

Front 32

Charles Lyell:

Back 32

• Tried to understand why landforms were the way they were
• Phenomena, erosion
• Said we could do this without God
o Uniformitarianism:

Front 33

o Uniformitarianism:

Back 33

 All natural processes that we observe today are held true in the past
 Whether, water still flows down stream, earth rotates around sun

Front 34

Catastrophism:

Back 34

• Alternative to Uniformitarianism
• Argument that natural processes are the reason for the sudden disappearance of some species and the rise of new ones.
o Jacques Cuvier: French Paleontologist

Front 35

Jacques Cuvier:

Back 35

French Paleontologist
mad up Catastrophism:

Front 36

James Usher:

Back 36

• Arch Bishop or Ireland
• Built family tree back to Adam and Eve
• 4004 BC

Front 37

Law of Association:

Back 37

Any Two items found in some geological context tend to date at similar times
• Used to say people and animals were around at the same time

Front 38

Law of Superposition:

Back 38

Older artifacts lay below Modern artifacts
• Provenience:

Front 39

Uniformitarianism:

Back 39

: All processes by which the Universe operates today is true in how it operated in the past also
• Whether, stars, sun, water flow, gravity

Front 40

Material Culture

Back 40

Anything that may have to do with human behavior

Front 41

Artifact:

Back 41

Made or modified by humans

Front 42

Ecofact:

Back 42

Naturally occurring material but still involved in our culture
• Food remains, animal bones, seeds

Front 43

Regions:

Back 43

Contain many sites
• Site: Place where people have done something in the past
 Feature: Non portable artifact
Example: ASU=site TEMPE=region

Front 44

• Site:

Back 44

Place where people have done something in the past
o Long or short

Front 45

 Feature:

Back 45

Non portable artifact
 Thing people have built that aids or de-aids behavior
 Roads, temples, homes, fire pits

Front 46

Datum Point:

Back 46

Specific fixed location from which all measurements on a sire are made or to which they are called or calibrated

Front 47

Leonard Woolley:

Back 47

• Trained Iraqi archaeologist
o UR-Modern Iraq
 World’s first city
 Ziggurat-Mesopotamia step Pyramid
 Massive Temple Platforms
 Elevate Holy Places

Front 48

o UR

Back 48

Leonard Woolley:
• Trained Iraqi archaeologist
o UR-Modern Iraq
 World’s first city
 Ziggurat-Mesopotamia step Pyramid
 Massive Temple Platforms
 Elevate Holy Places

Front 49

Queen Pubic:

Back 49

• Laid to rest massive burial
• Surrounded by men and people
• Think was a massive suicide

Front 50

Accelerator Mass-Spectroscopy: (AMS)

Back 50

• Directly counts the Number of C14atoms
• Requires a smaller amount
• Very expensive

Front 51

Artifact:

Back 51

Made or modified by humans

Front 52

Ecofact:

Back 52

Naturally occurring material but still involved in our culture
• Food remains, animal bones, seeds

Front 53

Regions:

Back 53

Contain many sites
• Site: Place where people have done something in the past
 Feature: Non portable artifact
Example: ASU=site TEMPE=region

Front 54

• Site:

Back 54

Place where people have done something in the past
o Long or short

Front 55

 Feature:

Back 55

Non portable artifact
 Thing people have built that aids or de-aids behavior
 Roads, temples, homes, fire pits

Front 56

Datum Point:

Back 56

Specific fixed location from which all measurements on a sire are made or to which they are called or calibrated

Front 57

Leonard Woolley:

Back 57

• Trained Iraqi archaeologist
o UR-Modern Iraq
 World’s first city
 Ziggurat-Mesopotamia step Pyramid
 Massive Temple Platforms
 Elevate Holy Places

Front 58

o UR

Back 58

Leonard Woolley:
• Trained Iraqi archaeologist
o UR-Modern Iraq
 World’s first city
 Ziggurat-Mesopotamia step Pyramid
 Massive Temple Platforms
 Elevate Holy Places

Front 59

Queen Pubic:

Back 59

• Laid to rest massive burial
• Surrounded by men and people
• Think was a massive suicide

Front 60

Accelerator Mass-Spectroscopy: (AMS)

Back 60

• Directly counts the Number of C14atoms
• Requires a smaller amount
• Very expensive

Front 61

Context:

Back 61

• Arch. Seek to determine patterning of artifacts to infer human behavior
o Primary: found right where used
o Secondary: NOT found where used
Main Forms

Front 62

Baulks:

Back 62

• Dirt archeologist leave to compare
• Used on huge excavations
• Where people have been living for hundreds of years

Front 63

Law code of Hammurabi:

Back 63

• Found in Babylon before 1700 BC
• Written on Stela
• Depiction on top of Hammurabi and god Shamash giving laws to Hammurabi
o Shamash:
 Pantheon god of legality, laws
• Depiction is similar to the ten commandments
• Like from God to Mosses
Alarmists->Susa->Southwestern Iran
Alarmists over ran Hammurabi
• Took the law code as a trophy
• Put in their courtyard
• LAW CODE

Front 64

o Shamash:

Back 64

• Depiction on top of Hammurabi and god Shamash giving laws to Hammurabi
o Shamash:
 Pantheon god of legality, laws

Front 65

Hatshepsut:

Back 65

• Woman,
• 1479 Tetmoses II had a son who was too young to take throne
• Tet II sister Hatshepsut appointed as regent
• Ruled for 19 years and did very good job
• Made herself a temple phisdae at Dei al-Bahri with
o Cartouche:
• Tetmoses III in power now
• Tells workers to go erase his Aunt’s name from her temple
• Mad that his aunt was such a good ruler

Front 66

o Cartouche:

Back 66

 Linguistic device that tells you something
 Vertical writing on horizontal is just text
 Horizontal writing on vertical is proper name
 Huge messages with her name all over

Front 67

Amenophis IV:

Back 67

• 1350 BC
• Powerful Egyptian
• First monotheistic person
• Changed his name to Akhenaten
• He moved capital from Memphis to Amarna
o MemphisSouth Modern Cairo

Front 68

Systematic Research Design:

Back 68

• Formal means arch. Lays out where he is going to excavate.

Front 69

Academic Archeology:

Back 69

• Come up with problem
• Look where to solve, study area
ThebesSouthern Egypt

Front 70

Tutankhamen:

Back 70

Only ruled for a few years

Front 71

Legitimation:

Back 71

• King says this is what I’m going to do
• Follow these rules and you will be okay
• They will be good rules
• But you need to support me and keep me in this position

Front 72

Musculoskeletal stress markers:

Back 72

• Traits to reconstruct habitual skeletal patterns
• From skeleton determined people were Anglo Saxons
• Head traumas and dating
• Dated to time of Anglo Saxons

Front 73

Cuneiform writing:

Back 73

• One of Earliest forms of writing expression
• Created by Sumerians in about 3000 BC
• Written on clay tablets
• Written in the form of pictures/pictographs
• Wedge shaped, why called CuneiformLatin word Cuneus

Front 74

Parsimonious Explanation:

Back 74

• Explanation or theory that explains a relationship using
relatively few assumptions
• Similar to Occam’s Razor
• A more simpler explanation is just as good if not better
than a more complex one

Front 75

Rosetta Stone:

Back 75

• Explanation or theory that explains a relationship using
relatively few assumptions
• Similar to Occam’s Razor
• A more simpler explanation is just as good if not better
than a more complex one

Front 76

Radio Carbon Years:

Back 76

• Radiometric-based on radioactivity
• Used when measuring radioactive isotopes
• Used when dating ORGANIC material
• Goes back 50,000 years