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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is one way to differentiate the Greeks, Etruscans, and the Romans in terms of sexuality? |
*Greeks - men were for pleasure, women for function *Etruscans were couple-based. Men and women equal *Romans thought Etruscans were barbaric |
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The beginning of Greece was the beginning of the notion of the ____________ |
The importance of the person INDIVIDUALITY |
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What was the measure of all things? |
Man and how man understood things around them |
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What is the difference between men and gods in the Greek culture? |
The only difference was mortality. *Remember! Man and gods were on equal grounds |
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In Greek culture, what was the perfect individual? |
Intelligence and Strength.
Mind + Body *Remember! A sound mind and a sound body |
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In Greek culture, what sets man and animals apart? |
Intelligence |
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In Greek culture, how does one develop the intellect? And what were these people called? |
*Discuss political and scientific ideas with educated debates *Winning arguments no matter what the truth was *These people were called sophists Think: SOPHISTicated |
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What is the name greatest artistic achievement of Greek sculpture and what did it accomplish? |
Winged Victory, this piece is concerned with man, nature, and reason |
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In Greek artwork, what is the most important subject? |
Man *Remember, man is the measure of all |
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So, we know that the ideal person has a sound mind and a sound body. What did these two things lead to? And why was the physical so important? |
A Sound Mind (Intellect) led to *logic *democracy *reason *mathematics A Sound Body (Physical Exercise) led to *natural image of man in art *The Olypmics. Which was in the nude. This was to celebrate the body |
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There are four stages in Greek Art. What are they in order? |
Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic |
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How can one determine something is Geometric? |
For proto, look for simple designs, pottery, and ceramics For Geo, look for Gorgons, the Chariott scene, the 7 dolphins |
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In sculpture, how do you know something is Archaic |
Just look for that smile. In terms of sculpture, the body was still made of shapes, but smoother. |
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What was the use for each gender in Greek culture? |
Men was for pleasure, women were for function |
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What is the biggest art achievement of all time and who did it? |
The body in MOTION! All Greece! Nor more of that side front side business! |
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What's one other way to know something is Greek in sculptures? (hair) |
Look for longer, curly hair. |
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What is so significant with Archaic sculpture? (think Egypt) |
The figure is free from the stone! |
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What is korous? |
Figures of nude men that can stand on their own |
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What is Kor? |
Figures of clothed women. |
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"The hips don't lie" This is what Greek Era and what piece started it all? |
Contra-posta set in Classical Greece. The Kridios Boy |
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The Archaic had that special smile, what was different from that and the Classical Era? |
Classical Era showed no emotion. *Classical -> calm Showing emotion was bad luck! |
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What was the Greek Classical Achievement? Give me some examples. |
Freestanding body in MOTION *Discus Thrower *Spearbearer by Polychlydos |
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What huge event was happening during the Helenistic Era and what did it consist of? |
Polynesian War *political and social unrest *Civil Wars *Gods became insignificant *Rise in individual concern *Man became even MORE important! |
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We've got that Archaic smile and the calm Classical, what's so special about Hellenistic? |
We can finally pay attention to the mental and emotional state of man. These are the emotions that make you human. |
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During the Hellenistic, what god do we start to see and why is this important? |
Aphrodite, the goddess of love, affection, and interpersonal communication. Introduction to the female nude form which shows the softness and sensuality of the body |
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Give me two examples of Hellenistic sculptures shown in class |
Hermes and Dionesus
*shows the sense of gentle affection between man and child The Dying Gaul *contrast to the Dying Warrior, we see the weight of death, the internal struggle, the feeling of the inevitable |
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With Greek Architecture, what were they made of? |
Undressed with mud and stone |
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What were Greek homes made of? |
Mud and thatched roofed huts |
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What were temples for in Greek culture? Who could enter? |
Designed for everyday life. Accessible to all. |
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How were temples built in Greece? |
Post in Lintel, no glue, no adhesive *Purely based on physics |
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In the four eras, only three of them had a distinct column style. Which era and column was affiliated with which? |
Geometric did not have a column style *Archaic -> Doric (masculine) *Classical -> Ionic (feminine) *Hellenistic -> Corinthian |
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What are some differences of these three columns, and where have they originated from? |
Doric - > Archaic *Simple *fat *masculine Ionic (think of the name Iona) -> Classical *slender *decorative *feminine Corinthian -> Hellenistic *Ultra detailed *Ultra decorative |
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The Greeks understood that people perceive things differently, In Greek architecture, what were some of the things they did to give the illusion of perfection? |
*Built columns fatter, to appear straight while looking up *Built walls leaned inward to appear straight looking up *For stairs, they built them with an upward curve to appear straight on all sides They understood optics and optical illusion |
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What was the general layout of Greek temples?
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Front porches (entry point) Main room (statues of gods) Back room (Treasury or storage) |
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The Erecthium Temple was pretty special, one of it's kind. Where is it from, What era is it from, and what's so special about it? |
Greece, Classical Era (Ionic) and it was the only Greek temple that was asymmetric and had three porches. It also had women as the columns known as the Caryatids |
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What was one of the most notable Corinthian monumental structures? On what was it built on and why? What idea was it conveying? |
The Acropolis was built on the highest point on a mountain top. It was to be viewed and be accessible to all. *Conveys the idea of virtuousness and knowledge. |
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What did the Etruscans believe in and how do we know that? |
Life after death, and they built necropolises. *Cities of the dead. |
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Who were necroplises for? And why are necropolises important in terms of archaeology? |
They were for everyone. No matter the wealth or class.
These are very important in terms of archaeology because they give us insight on how the Etruscans lived. Not many people have looted them. People don't mess with the dead. |
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Based on Etruscan beliefs, why were necropolises built?
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They believed in life after death, therefore Etruscans built them homes with EVERYTHING the dead might possibly need. Built entire cities completely separated from the living. If they have everything, they don't need to bother and haunt the living. Ghost: "Can I borrow a cup of sugar?" |
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The Etruscans were similar to the Greeks, but what are three things that made them different? |
*Couple-based society where men + women were equal *Loved celebrating the body *Loved grooming and taking care of the body |
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In Etruscan culture, what did artwork mostly depict?
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Dining, dancing, and sexual exploration with one another |
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The Egyptians were known to embalm, but what practice did the Etruscans do? |
They started cremation which was the beginning of the urns |
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Give me a few Etruscan inventions |
Toga, the arch, gladiator contests, city blocks |
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How was the Etruscan temples different from the Greeks? |
One stair, one porch, three doorways |
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What was Roman work based on?
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Based on what it meant to be Roman. Power, strength, etc. |
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Who was Rome named after?
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Named after Romulus |
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In Roman families, the Patrician was the head male of the family. What happened when they died? |
Created a hyper-realistic portrait head out of wax and kept in the home. *Showed family ancestry |
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In Roman culture, what was a big deal? |
The home. Vesta, the goddess of the hearth was an important figure. *The lineage, your family name, bearing healthy children family was extremely important |
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With Patrician portraits, (which always look so stern) why were they so realistic?
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They showed every scratch, mole, zit, or wart. Every flaw made you who you were. A Roman |
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Ancient Rome is similar to America how? |
They were a melting pot of cultures. *Even in their architecture, you can see elements of Greek, Etruscan, etc. |
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We've established that Rome's architecture fostered details of other cultures, what did their temples symbolize?
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Symbolized the spoils of war.
*Remember! Rome conquered Greece and the Etruscans and other areas. They left the artisans alone to build their monuments and let people keep their cultures. *They kept expanding to the countrysides and in order to persuade people to join them, they had elements of their cultures throughout the cities. To make them feel connected |
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What is this building?
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*Trajan Column *Rome *98ft tall and painted in gold |
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What was Rome's go-to building material? What was the oldest example of it being used? |
Concrete. Fortuna Primigenia |
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This roman structure only took 17 years to build. What method did they use in it's design. |
The colosseum using the barrel vault method |
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What are these Roman structures and why are they important? |
These are aqueducts, they were used to bring water in the city. *built at a slant so gravity can act on water *Plumbing |
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Where did the lower class live and where did they bathe?
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*Lived in apartments *first floor was lined with shops, and people live above it They bathed in public bathhouses together. *Was a social event *Co-ed |
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What artistic endeavor did the Romans invent?
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Masters of painting *Figured out perspective and architectural space *Made murals on walls *First examples of 1 and 3 point perspective and reflective painting |
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What was a very important animal to the Greeks? |
The bull. Not everyone could obtain a bull to sacrifice, so they made little statues instead. |