Apush Period 4: 1800 - 1848 Part 2

Front 1

2 developments in 1790s set stage for cotton production expansion

Back 1

Greater demand from Britain

Technological improvements

Front 2

flying shuttle

Back 2

invented by John Kay

made weaving cloth faster

Front 3

spinning jenny

Back 3

James Hargreaves

multiple spindles, each spinning cotton into a thread

Front 4

water frame

Back 4

invented by Richard Arkwright

waterpower used to drive spinning process of cotton

Front 5

steam engine

Back 5

James Watt

added steam power to English mills, expanding size

Front 6

Samuel Slater

Back 6

brought Arkwright's patents and mechanical spinning mill plans

Front 7

Cotton Gin

Back 7

Eli Whitney

machine to make cotton seed cleaning faster

Front 8

black belt

Back 8

area of rich black soil where cotton grew best

Georgia to Louisiana

Front 9

slavery

Back 9

basis of cotton economy

men sold more than women

families and marriages often broken up

slaves made own communities within the plantation

Front 10

cotton plantations

Back 10

places where cotton was grown

usually not very large

white owners often worked with slaves in fields

Front 11

4 important concepts to slaves

Back 11

family

community

faith

hope for freedom

Front 12

Francis Cabot Lowell

Back 12

memorized plans to bring British mills to the U.S.

Front 13

"factory girls"

Back 13

new england

single young white women

intrigued by potential to earn own money

lived in company boarding houses

Front 14

New York City

Back 14

main place for shipment of cotton across the Atlantic

largest city and commercial center

had a cool deep water harbor

home to banks and stuff that could finance cotton industry

Front 15

Black Ball Line

Back 15

founded by Jeremiah Thompson

fixed schedule of weekly departures of fast ships from New York to Liverpool

established steady flow of cotton

Front 16

Panic of 1819

Back 16

overproduction of cotton - could not be processed fast enough

Bank of the US limited credit and called in loans

Front 17

DeWitt Clinton

Back 17

governor of New York City that built the Erie Canal

Front 18

Erie Canal

Back 18

manmade waterway from Albany to Buffalo

Front 19

Robert Fulton

Back 19

built the steamboat which could travel against the current

Front 20

National Road

Back 20

road extending from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, Virginia

Front 21

Packet Ships

Back 21

English ships bringing European news, traveling across the Atlantic in 42 days

Front 22

2 main functions of the Bank of the U.S.

Back 22

printed paper currency - bank notes backed by gold and silver deposits

loans and collecting interest

Front 23

Rip Van Winkle

Back 23

story by Washington Irving

guy falls asleep, wakes up 20 years later

sees that the world around him is more industrialized

Front 24

era of good feelings

Back 24

james monroe's two terms as president

no Federalist party

election was virtually unanimous

Front 25

John Marshall

Back 25

chief justice of U.S. Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835

able to convince majority of justices to follow his beliefs

Front 26

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward

Back 26

NH legislature converted college from private to state

Supreme Court ruled that state charters were contracts that could not be overturned

Front 27

McCulloch vs. maryland

Back 27

opposition to Maryland branch

Maryland imposed tax on bank to drive it out of business

necessary and proper clause used to say that Congress had right to charter bank

Front 28

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Back 28

New York did not have a right to give Ogden monopoly to ferry services in New York Harbor

Front 29

Worcester vs. Georgia

Back 29

Georgia could not regulate private dealings by U.S. citizens controlled by Cherokee tribe since tribes had own sovereign rights

Front 30

Tallmadge's Amendment

Back 30

James Tallmadge Jr.'s amendment prohibiting introduction of new slaves into Missouri and free those already there

Front 31

Missouri Compromise

Back 31

balanced out power in Senate with slave states and free states

Missouri admitted as slave state

Maine admitted as free state

made by Henry Clay and James Monroe

Front 32

William H. Crawford's presidential campaign in 1824

Back 32

supported Monroe's election

won in Congressional caucus but only 1/4th voted

Front 33

John Quincy Adams's presidential campaign in 1824

Back 33

secretary of state (follows pattern)

acquired Florida

opened new lands for settlement through treaties

good foreign policy

Front 34

John C. Calhoun's presidential campaign in 1824

Back 34

advocated for strong army

greater infrastructure

supported Bank of U.S.

Front 35

Henry Clay's presidential campaign in 1824

Back 35

speaker of the House

nationalist

supported Bank of the U.S.

greater infrastruture

Front 36

Andrew Jackson'spresidential campaign in 1824

Back 36

hero of the Battle of New Orleans

military leader

no political experience

Front 37

3 people excluded from voting in 1824

Back 37

women

most blacks (some free could vote) and slaves

Indians

Front 38

Corrupt Bargain

Back 38

Adams made a secret agreement with Clay to appoint him secretary of state

Front 39

American System

Back 39

program of internal improvements and protective tariffs made by Henry Clay

reduce poverty by linking all Americans in commerce

Front 40

Whig party

Back 40

Democratic-Republicans who supported Adams

strong national government in economy

internal improvements in infrastructure

social reform movements

Front 41

Democratic Party

Back 41

felt cheated in 1824 since Jackson lost

argued for rights of common man to be left alone