Aphg Final Test Practice Barrons 1

Front 1

1. The word geography literally means?
a. The study of space.
b. earth study.
c. people and nature.
d. earth writing.
e. human ground

Back 1

d. earth writing.

Front 2

New York City is divided into five_____, in order to better organize social services for millions of people.
a. counties
b. voting precincts
c. town councils
d. school districts
e. boroughs

Back 2

e. boroughs

Front 3

In which of the following countries would you expect to find the highest rate of population growth?
a. Canada
b. Namibia
c. Sweden
d. Chile
e. United States

Back 3

b. Namibia

Front 4

In distance decay models, the slope of the decay function illustrates
a. the type of interaction.
b. the nature of the network.
c. the influence of friction distance.
d. topography.
e. net dispersion.

Back 4

c. the influence of friction distance.

Front 5

Which of t he following projection places the North or South Pole at the center of the view?
a. Azimuthal
b. Choropleth
c. Pole view
d. Fuller’s
e. Mercator

Back 5

a. Azimuthal

Front 6

Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970s. Later, it spread to large cities with vibrant African-American populations-such as Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Detroit-without being absorbed by the smaller cities and rural areas in-between. This type of spatial diffusion is called
a. relocation diffusion
b. hierarchical diffusion
c. contagious diffusion.
d. cultural diffusion.
e. indeterminant diffusion.

Back 6

b. hierarchical diffusion

Front 7

Cartography is the art and science of
a. demographics.
b. map-making.
c. spatial orientation.
d. cognitive imagery
e. spatial decision making.

Back 7

b. map-making.

Front 8

Which of the following is FALSE regarding slash-and-burn agriculture?
a. It occurs mainly in tropical environments.
b. It is associated with deforestation in Brazil.
c. It is part of the Green Revolution.
d. It was practiced sustainably by indigenous peoples.
e. It is uncommon in the temperate latitudes.

Back 8

c. It is part of the Green Revolution.

Front 9

A population pyramid
a. shows the age and sex structure of a population.
b. cannot be used to compare two different countries,
c. demonstrates the demographic transition model.
d. only accurately depicts declining populations.
e. is most useful in illustrating social upheaval.

Back 9

a. shows the age and sex structure of a population.

Front 10

The Pleistocene overkill theory argues that
a. hearths of early agriculture resulted from environmental conditions.
b. geographers have overemphasized the importance of environmental conditions in human history.
c. poor environmental management resulted in the ecological collapse of the Fertile Crescent.
d. current human geography is not a product of the distant past.
e. hunter-gatherers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age.

Back 10

e. hunter-gatherers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age.

Front 11

. In an address to the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, India argued that, although population growth has placed pressure on the world’s natural resources, _________ by industrialized nations has also had extreme consequences for environmental quality.
a. fiscal policy
b. material consumption
c. tourism
d. international aid
e. racism

Back 11

b. material consumption

Front 12

Geographical research that applies only to one place or region is
a. nomothetic
b. denominational
c. idiographic
d. nonscientific
e. cultural studies

Back 12

c. idiographic

Front 13

Approximately how long did it take for Eurasian hunter-gatherers to reach the tip of South America after their arrival in Alaska?
a. 500 years
b. 2,000 years
c. 5,000 years
d. 20,000 years
e. 40,000 years

Back 13

b. 2,000 years

Front 14

The demographic accounting equation computes future population as a function of current population:
a. + births - infant morality + cohort
b. + births - deaths X life expectancy
c. + births - deaths + immigration emigration
d. births / deaths - immigration + emigration
e. + immigration - emigration X demographic transition

Back 14

c. + births - deaths + immigration emigration

Front 15

Which of the following models of urban geography best describes this map?
a. central place theory
b. rank-size rule
c. Von Thunen’s concentric ring theory
d. Sector model of urban development
e. Multinucleated model of urban development

Back 15

d. Sector model of urban development

Front 16

Longitude is
a. the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian.
b. the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England.
c. the angular distance north or south of the equator.
d. useful in determining relative location.
e. useful in describing a place’s situation.

Back 16

b. the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England.

Front 17

The idea that or impressions and experiences of the world around us are filtered through the lens of our culture and our individual experiences, which critiques the sort of scientific, universalist grand theories offered by modernists is called
a. postmodernism.
b. ecofeminism.
c. consumptionism.
d. reductionism.
e. positivism.

Back 17

a. postmodernism.

Front 18

The religious practices of some Native American groups combine elements both from their traditional religion and from Christianity. This is an example of
a. a cultural complex.
b. a cultural confluence.
c. a counter culture.
d. a diametric culture.
e. a cultural syncretism.

Back 18

e. a cultural syncretism.

Front 19

The demographic transition model posits that
a. advanced industrialization countries will have rapid population growth.
b. pre-industrial states will have both low birth and death rates.
c. countries with high level of economic production will have lower birth rates.
d. underdevelopment countries cannot become developed.
e. time is the dominant force behind population change.

Back 19

c. countries with high level of economic production will have lower birth rates.

Front 20

One important consequence of cultural extinction is
a. decreasing population.
b. increased poverty in peripheral regions.
c. loss of genetic diversity.
d. loss of indigenous knowledge about ecosystems.
e. increased population.

Back 20

d. loss of indigenous knowledge about ecosystems.

Front 21

_________ maps work well for locating and navigating between places, while _______ maps display one or more variables across a specific space.
a. Reference, thematic
b. Thematic, reference
c. Spatial, cartographic
d. Cartographic, spatial
e. Topologic, choropleth

Back 21

a. Reference, thematic

Front 22

Which of the following religions originated in northern India and then spread across central and southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Japan?
a. Hinduism
b. Buddhism
c. Islam
d. Taoism
e. Judaism

Back 22

b. Buddhism

Front 23

States with federal forms of government must also have
a .territorial organization.
b. fascist regimes.
c. social-democracies.
d. proportional representation.
e. congressional oversight.

Back 23

a .territorial organization.

Front 24

In the world systems model, the core nations of the world are
a. situated in the present-day Middle East.
b. located in the prosperous southern continents.
c. located mainly in Europe and North America.
d. located in the former Soviet republics.
e. located in the heartland, not the rimland.

Back 24

c. located mainly in Europe and North America.

Front 25

The study of the interaction between human cultures and natural ecosystems is called
a. cultural ecology.
b. semiotics.
c. cognitive science.
d. linguistics.
e. sociobiology.

Back 25

a. cultural ecology.

Front 26

which of the following is NOT a potential cause of Balkanization?
a. Ethnic divisions
b. Varying levels of economic development within a country
c. External pressures
d. Centripetal forces
e. A strong central government

Back 26

e. A strong central government

Front 27

In the following distance decay function,
a. the friction of distance has little effect on connectivity.
b. connectivity is related to the position of a central place.
c. distance imposes a significant barrier to spatial interactions.
d. tropical space arts independently of distance
e. absolute decay is different then relative decay

Back 27

c. distance imposes a significant barrier to spatial interactions.

Front 28

. Which of the following is true about language extinctions?
a. They happen suddenly and without warning
b. They are usually the result of genocide
c. There could be several thousand over the next century
d. They are increasingly rare
e. They are unrelated to cultural imperialism

Back 28

c. There could be several thousand over the next century

Front 29

__________ Involves the economic and political domination of one state by another, while __________ includes official, institutionalized government rule.
a. Regionalism, sectionalism
b. Sectionalism, regionalism
c. Imperialism, colonialism
d. Colonialism, imperialism
e. Nationalism, isolationism

Back 29

c. Imperialism, colonialism

Front 30

Sources of forced migration include
a. complementarity and individual choice
b. economic opportunities and religious freedom
c. political unrest and ecological degradation
d. the draw of a pleasant climate
e. familial ties in another country

Back 30

c. political unrest and ecological degradation

Front 31

In a 1995 plebiscite, the Canadian province of Quebec sought which of the following?
a. Electoral reapportionment
b. Economic freedom
c. Unitary standing
d. Self-determination
e. Membership in the United Nations

Back 31

d. Self-determination

Front 32

The disproportionate siting of power plants and waste disposal facilities in African-American and Latino neighborhoods-independent of other economic and historical factors-is an example of
a. postmaterialism
b. environmental racism
c. deindustrialization
d. environmental justice
e. ecological inferiority

Back 32

b. environmental racism

Front 33

Advanced economic countries, like the United States, may produce more pollution than less economically advanced countries because
a. they consume more resources
b. they are less concerns about the environment
c. they desire global domination
d. they have more resources to begin with
e. they lack waste management technology

Back 33

a. they consume more resources

Front 34

Latitude is
a. the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian
b. the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England
c. the angular distance north or south of the equator
d. useful in determining relative location
e. a measure of social or political freedom

Back 34

c. the angular distance north or south of the equator

Front 35

Primary economic activities involve
a. the transformation and assembly of raw materials
b. the sale and exchange of goods and services
c. the handling and processing of information
d. research and development
e. the direct extraction or harvest of natural resources

Back 35

e. the direct extraction or harvest of natural resources

Front 36

According to Thomas Malthus, ________ grows arithmetically, but ________ grows geometrically
a. population, food production
b. passion between the sexes, willingness to have sex
c. food production, population
d. technology, environmental impact
e. population, technology

Back 36

c. food production, population

Front 37

Since 1960, the difference between per capita Gross National Products of the world’s wealthiest countries and the world’s poorest countries has
a .remained about the same
b. decreased somewhat
c. decreased dramatically
d. increased dramatically
e. vary significantly

Back 37

d. increased dramatically

Front 38

In the gravity model of spatial interaction, population and distance
a. are inversely related
b. are directly related
c. each have multiple measure
d. do not affect the final solution
e. vary significantly

Back 38

a. are inversely related

Front 39

Core-periphery patterns exist within countries as well as among them. In the United States, economic peripheries include
a. New England and Great Basin
b. southern Appalachia and the lower Mississippi Valley
c. the northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest
d. the Desert Southwest and Great Lakes
e. the Rust Belt

Back 39

b. southern Appalachia and the lower Mississippi Valley

Front 40

Agricultural techniques develop in the temperate latitudes are frequently inappropriate for wet tropical climates because rainforest soils tend to be
a. poorly drained.
b. nutrient-rich.
c. nutrient-poor
d. salinized.
e. sandy.

Back 40

c. nutrient-poor

Front 41

All choropleth maps use
a .shading and coloring.
b. isolines.
c. dots.
d. graphs and charts.
e. the Mercator projection.

Back 41

a .shading and coloring.

Front 42

Hearths of early Eurasian agriculture were generally located
a. in Mediterranean climates.
b. on the moist, windward side of mountain ranges.
c. in fertile river valleys.
d. along the coast.
e. at high latitudes and altitudes.

Back 42

c. in fertile river valleys.

Front 43

The aggregate measure of economic development that accounts for the depreciation of capital and natural resources is called the
a. Gross National Product.
b. Gross Domestic Product.
c. Net National Product.
d. Human Development Index.
e. Gender Empowerment Index.

Back 43

c. Net National Product.

Front 44

The Kurds are an example of an ethnic group that
a. has a stable and prosperous nation.
b. has recognized an antecedent boundary between Iraq and Jordan.
c. has historical homeland spanning many national orders.
d. does not want to live in an independent country.
e. has disappeared due to the cultural extinction.

Back 44

c. has historical homeland spanning many national orders.

Front 45

Which of the following is an example of an edge city?
a. Anchorage, Alaska
b. Seattle, Washington
c. Boston, Massachusetts
d. Tyson’s Corner, Virginia
e. Las Vegas, Nevada

Back 45

d. Tyson’s Corner, Virginia

Front 46

Hearth regions of early agriculture included present-day
a. China, India, Turkey, and Mexico.
b. China, India, Sudan, and Malaysia
c. India, Ethiopia, Greece, and Morocco.
d. Anatolia, Peru, Borneo, and Hanalee.
e. California, Illinois, New Brunswick, and Ireland.

Back 46

a. China, India, Turkey, and Mexico.

Front 47

Von Thunen’s model of rural land use is based on which of the following premises?
a. Land values decrease farther from the urban center.
b. Land values increase farther from the urban center.
c. Perishable goods are least valuable.
d. Railroads provide fixed transportation costs.
e. Vegetarianism is socially beneficial.

Back 47

a. Land values decrease farther from the urban center.

Front 48

Washington D.C.’s Lincoln Memorial and Mall, with their dramatic neoclassical architecture and symbolic references to democracy and populism, are associated with
a. modernism.
b. revisionism.
c. pluralism.
d. postmodernism.
e. the City Beautiful movement.

Back 48

e. the City Beautiful movement.

Front 49

The theory that explains the regional organization of urban areas, based on the functions and the goods and services they offer, is called
a .metropolitan area theory.
b. sector theory.
c. central place theory.
d. urban matrix theory.
e. the rank-size rule.

Back 49

c. central place theory.

Front 50

The city of San Francisco is known for which of the following?
a. Beaux arts architecture
b. Early 20th century modernism
c. 19th century Victorian architecture
d. Its balmy climate
e. Postmodern architecture

Back 50

c. 19th century Victorian architecture

Front 51

The geographic differentiation between the colonizing countries of Europe, North America, and eastern Asian and the colonized states of Africa and South America has been called
a. the north/south divide.
b. the iron curtain.
c. the east/west divide.
d. the thin red line.
e. the western front.

Back 51

a. the north/south divide.

Front 52

Which city’s dense urban core became the birthplace of the skyscraper?
a. New York
b. Tokyo
c. Sao Paulo
d. Paris
e. Chicago

Back 52

e. Chicago

Front 53

The greatest concentration of linguistic diversity on earth is in
a. Amazonia.
b. the Congo.
c. Madagascar.
d. New Guinea.
e. Mexico.

Back 53

d. New Guinea.

Front 54

By 2020, most of the world’s biggest cities will be located in
a. Western Europe.
b. Russia.
c. South America.
d. Asia.
e. Africa.

Back 54

d. Asia.

Front 55

_____ is strategically located on the border between two continents, and at the intersection of many cultures and religions.
a. Istanbul, Turkey,
b. Lagos, Nigeria,
c. Mexico City, Mexico,
d. Karachi, Pakistan,
e. Berlin, Germany,

Back 55

a. Istanbul, Turkey,

Front 56

Cartographic scale refers to
a. the size of an object in the real world.
b. the number of different objects depicted on the map.
c. the projection.
d. the relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground.
e. angular distance from the equator.

Back 56

d. the relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground.

Front 57

Which of the following factors is most responsible for the dramatic demographic collapse of Native Americans during the Colonial Period?
a. The slave trade
b. Eurasian diseases
c. The hacienda system
d. Language extinction
e. Civil War

Back 57

b. Eurasian diseases

Front 58

Primates cities are those that
a. are the seats of ecclesiastical power in a nation.
b. are he national capitals.
c. are disproportionately larger than other cities in a nation.
d. were the first to be established in a new colony.
e. are inhabited by monkeys and apes.

Back 58

c. are disproportionately larger than other cities in a nation.

Front 59

The term _____ describes a group of people with a common ethnic identity that is spread out over a large geographic area.
a. caste
b. sect
c. diaspora
d. race
e. cultural complex

Back 59

c. diaspora

Front 60

The National Geographic Society uses Robinson projection in many of its maps because
a. it is the only perfectly proportioned projection.
b. it fits on the pages.
c. it is versatile and aesthetically pleasing.
d. it orients the United States in the center of the world.
e. it sells at the newsstands.

Back 60

c. it is versatile and aesthetically pleasing.

Front 61

Which of the following does NOT qualify as a Protestant denomination?
a. Presbyterianism
b. Methodism
c. Catholicism
d. Southern Baptist
e. Lutheran

Back 61

c. Catholicism

Front 62

During the 1980s and 1990s, Santa Monica, California, became significantly wealthier and more expensive. The process is referred to as
a. escalation.
b. gentrification.
c. urban zonation.
d. reallotment.
e. reification.

Back 62

b. gentrification.

Front 63

Which of the following regions experienced rapid industrial growth during the early 20th century, followed by a severe decline and difficult period of economic readjustment?
a. The mid-Atlantic
b. The Great Plains
c. South Florida
d. The Great Lakes
e. The Great Plains

Back 63

d. The Great Lakes

Front 64

Which of the following qualifies as a primate city?
a. Toronto, Canada
b. Cape Town, South Africa
c. Jerusalem, Israel
d. Mexico City, Mexico
e. Phoenix, Arizona

Back 64

d. Mexico City, Mexico

Front 65

Geographic information systems use _______ to display multiple spatial data sets.
a. thematic layers
b. cartograms
c. remotely sensed images
d. dot maps
e. isolines

Back 65

a. thematic layers

Front 66

Break-of-bulk points are
a. places where natural hazards prohibit spatial interaction.
b. uniform throughout space and time.
c. hindrances to global economic development.
d. sites where goods are transferred for continued shipping.
e. cities that offer the largest markets for any given good or service.

Back 66

d. sites where goods are transferred for continued shipping.

Front 67

The process by which one ethnic group becomes integrated into a larger culture is called
a. articulation.
b. ossification.
c. assimilation.
d. syncretism.
e. a melting pot.

Back 67

c. assimilation.

Front 68

The _______ will increase over the next decade, as baby boomers reach old age and are no longer able to work an provide for themselves.
a. poverty line.
b. population pyramid.
c. arithmetic density.
d. dependency ratio
e. doubling time

Back 68

d. dependency ratio

Front 69

When the crude birth rate is higher than the crude death rate, the difference between the two is called the
a. total fertility rate.
b. replacement rate.
c. natural increase.
d. natural decrease.
e. life expectancy.

Back 69

c. natural increase.

Front 70

Maps like the one shown here are referred to as
a. perceptual regions.
b. false maps.
c. nodes.
d. cognitive maps.
e. functional regions.

Back 70

d. cognitive maps.

Front 71

In Rostow’s stages of development model, economic maturity is characterized by
a. sustainability.
b. high consumption.
c. gender empowerment.
d. high per capita incomes.
e. gross national happiness.

Back 71

b. high consumption.

Front 72

According to public opinion polls, more than 80% of Americans consider themselves “environmentalists.” Which of the following could you logically conclude from this information?
a. The American environment is on the verge of collapse
b. Americans are poorly informed on scientific issues.
c. Americans are becoming increasingly liberal in their political views.
d. Most Americans consider environmental issues to be important.
e. On average, Americans are more politically liberal than Europeans.

Back 72

d. Most Americans consider environmental issues to be important.

Front 73

Which of he following is rue based on the map of global voluntary migration flows shown here?
a. Europe is experiencing significant out migration.
b. Colombians are leaving their homeland.
c. Climate is significant pull facto.
d. Asians from a variety of countries are moving to the United States.
e. Australians are global wanderers.

Back 73

d. Asians from a variety of countries are moving to the United States.

Front 74

Religious fundamentalism
a. appears to be on the rise in many parts of the world.
b. is limited to the Middle East.
c. is limited to the Deep South.
d. is decreasing globally.
e. is a serious political issue in Western Europe.

Back 74

a. appears to be on the rise in many parts of the world.

Front 75

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the great metropolises of the developing world?
a. They contain both great wealth and tremendous poverty
b. Many retain architectural elements of their colonial past.
c. Most have squatter settlements on their outskirts.
d. Because their economies are less developed, they rarely suffer from significant pollution.
e. They house an increasing proportion of the world’s population.

Back 75

d. Because their economies are less developed, they rarely suffer from significant pollution.