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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
[ dissolved oxygen in H20 ] range from
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0 - 18 ppm
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The higher the amount of dissolved oxygen, _________
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the more diverse the species of plants and animals
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The cooler the water, ______
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the more oxygen it can hold
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percent saturation
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amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water at any particular temp
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Total saturation
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under unpolluted conditions, the water is holding as much oxygen as it can
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Super-saturation typically occurs in _______
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areas of high turbulence
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Whitewater rapids indicate _______
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water is oxygenating
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Oxygen levels in ________ are more constant than _____/_______ because _______
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Oxygen levels in streams are more constant than lakes/ponds because oxygen enters lakes/ponds during the day (photosynthesis) while oxygen mixes into streams day and night as water travels over rocks
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Diurnal variation
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dissolved oxygen [ ]s in ponds/rivers with large populations of aquatic plants fluctuate dramatically from day to night (at night, plants use O2 in respiration and produce O2 in the day through photosynthesis)
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Dissolved O2 is depleted when ____ and ____ are abundant.
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bacteria and algae (they consume O2 when decomposing organic material)
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living index of water quality
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organisms provide this because each one has its own threshold dissolved O2 level below which it cannot survive
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Organisms are sensitive to dissolved O2 levels, especially (3) ______
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young fish
fish eggs insects |
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One unit change in pH represents a ______ change in acidity
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ten fold
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pH of unpolluted precipitation
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5.6
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acid deposition
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acid rain
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soil that contains ____ can neutralize acid rain
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limestone
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extremes in pH
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above 8.5
below 6.5 |
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effects of extreme pH on aquatic life (name 4)
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-bones of fish become soft
-females unable to lay eggs -gills clogged w. mucus -shells of snails dissolve |
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alkalinity predicts
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BUFFERing capacity of H2O
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As alkalinity increases, ________ increases
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hardness
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Hardness indicates
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soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe content
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Hardness does NOT directly affect these 2 things
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pH
alkalinity |
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____ water tends to be more biologically productive because _____
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hard water; because ions that cause hardness are used in plant metabolism
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T or F
Hardness is the best criterion for determining water quality |
FALSE.
Alkalinity is a better criterion than hardness. |
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Bacteria turns ammonia into
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nitrate (NO3-)
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Unpolluted water has a nitrate concentration of
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< 1 ppm
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nonpoint source pollution
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organic pollutants (ie: sewage, manure) with high levels of nitrate whose sources are difficult to "pinpoint"
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_____% of nitrates that enter the nation's waterways come from nonpoint source pollution
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88%
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Nitrate levels greater than ___ ppm can damage aquatic organisms in a healthy lake or stream.
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10 ppm
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bloom
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massive growth of algae and other plants due to excess nitrates
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Bloom causes water to (2)
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-become murky
-raise its temp |
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Phosphates originate from (4)
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-detergent
-by-product of potato processing -cattle feedlot runoff -human sewage |
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____% of phosphates entering the nation's surface H2O are from nonpoint sources
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84%
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Clean water should contain _____ ppm of phosphate
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< 0.1 ppm
phosphate and point-one both start with P! |
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Total phosphorous tests are the best test to use because _______
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they measure organic and inorganic phosphorous
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Salty runoff's negative effects (3)
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-kills roadside/aquatic vegetation
-damage fish fry and eggs in lakes -creates chemical barrier preventing O2 from reaching deeper waters |
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Unpolluted water has chloride levels of ___ to ____ ppm.
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8 - 12 ppm
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Water with ____ ppm of chlorine is considered undrinkable.
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250 ppm
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Aquatic organisms that are sensitive to dissolved O2 and CO2 are more likely to be found in unpolluted ______ than in ______.
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Streams; ponds
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turbidity
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cloudiness in water caused by suspended solid matter that scatters light passing through the water
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Turbidity caused by (3)
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-sediment from disturbed/eroded soil
-microscopic plankton -high pop of bottom-feeding fish like carp |
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Effects of turbidity (5)
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-block out light needed for photosynthesis
-bury eggs of fish -smother benthic creatures -carry nutrients and pesticides throughout water system -absorb heat from sunlight and raise surface water temp (dec. amt. of O2) |
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benthic
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bottom dwelling
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Higher temp. cause
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metabolism to inc. creating greater O2 demand
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warm weather: water at bottom is _____ than water at surface
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colder
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cold weather: water at bottom is _____ than water at surface
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warmer
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temperature effects (5)
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-migration
-spawning -egg incubation -respiration -metabolism |