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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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beginning of recorded history
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6,000 years ago
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Canadian shield
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zone ungirded by ancient rock - probably 1st pt. of N. America to emerge from sea
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Earth
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5th in planet size
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"tidewater region"
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creased via river valleys + slope up to Appalachains
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The Great Basin
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between Rockies [e] & Sierra/Cascades [w]
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Roof of America
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Rockies
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Great Ice Age
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2 mya began, glaciers Canada to PA, gone 10,000 ya --- made lakes
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Lake Boneville
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most of NV, ID & VT
drained to Snake + Columbia R. became more saline + evaporated to a mineral rich desert [w/Great Salt Lake] |
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How many natives in America by 1492? [book A]
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72 million
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American agriculture =
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no wheel, maize, no large domesticated animal
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Pueblos
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irrigation for corn + villages with storied homes
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only dense pop. in N. America
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Aztecs
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Cahokia
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Mississippian, E. St. Louis, IL w/400k in AD 1100
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mysterious disappearance of Mound + Mississippians
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1300 AD
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3 sisters
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maize/corn, beans, squash - 1000 AD w/Creek, choctaw, Cherokee in SE Atlantic
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Iroquois
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NE woods, Hiawatha [16th c.
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New Foundland & Vinland
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Vinland = grapes ; 1000 AD Norsemen via Scandanavia to NAm
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____ gave Eastern taste to W.
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crusades [11th-14th c.]
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1450 Africa got better b/c
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1. (PT) invent caravel ship w/better sails 2. sailed NW on African coast
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Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope of the "Dark Continent"
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1488
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Vasco de Gama to India
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1498
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Kingdom of Spain united b/c
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15th c. Ferdinand of Aragon + Isabella of Castille [expelled Moors]
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Renaissance
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new optimism , more scientific knowledge, compass via Arabs
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printing press
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1450
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Oct. 12, 1492
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Columbus [IT] sailed for SP govt. for Asian route
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Europe
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market, capital, tech
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Africa
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labor
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New World
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raw materials, esp. metal + soil for sugar
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native new worl dcrops
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maize, manioc, tobacco, beans, potatoes,--- fueled pop. booms [in AFR too]
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Columbus to Hispaniola w/17 ships [horses!!! to new world]
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1493
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Sugar Revolution
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sugar via Columbus in Europe from New World
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Taino
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in Hispaniola -- 1 million to 200
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Percent of Nat. Ams dead w.in 50 yrs. of Sp
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90%
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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1494 - separated New World between SP & PT
PT: Brazil, some Africa + Asia |
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Sp 3 Gs
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god, glory, gold
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Las Casas
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[1474-1566] reform Dominican friar, wrote The Destruction of the Indies --- supported the indians & against Enconomienda in Hispaniola
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Vasco Nunez Balboa
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discovered the Pacific Ocean via Panama (1513)
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Magellan
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his ship circumnavigated the globe, he died before finishign in the Philippines [1519-22]
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Ponce de León
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looking for "fountain of youth" in FL - died via Indian arrow
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Coronado
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to AZ + NM for golden cities + adobe pueblos + discovered :
1.) Grand Canyon of Colorado R. 2.) giant herds of bison |
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De Soto
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w/ 600 armored men to FL [1539-42] to West for gold and discovered the MI + ARK. Rs --- died of fever
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Pizarro
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took over Inca of Peru in 1532, e.g. Athahualpa
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Spain gets lots of ____ via South/central America
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silver! [fueled Asian trade]
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Encomienda
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allowed govt. to give Indians to colonists if they Christianize them = slavery
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Cortés
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took over Aztecs, took Malinche , marched from Vera Cruz to Tencochititlan & told Montezuma he was ill for gold [thought he was Quetzlcoatl]
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Montezuma
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Aztec leader
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Nahuatl
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Aztec language
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Malinche
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aka Dona Marina by Spanish Catholics --- taken off of Yucatan , enslaved by Mayans
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Tenochtitlan
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300,000 people [> any in Europe], in Valley of Mexico, isle w/floating gardens, =Mexico City
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Noche Triste
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June 30, 1520 - Aztecs attacked -- later defeated by SP w/smallpox
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malinchesta
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traitor
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Dia de la Raza
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Columbus Day, birthday of Meztizos/new race
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John Cabot/Giovanni Caboto
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IT hired by ENG to NE N. Am in 1497/8
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Giovanni da Verrazano
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IT sent by FR to E. N. Am in 1524
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Jaques Cartier
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went 100 miles up St. Lawrence R. in 1534
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St. Augustine, Fl
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Sp fortress vs. French --- oldest continuously inhabited Euro settlement in USA
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Pope's Rebllion
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1680, Pueblo rebels killed priests _ destroyed churches & built a KIVA [ceremonial religious chamber] on SP plaza in Santa Fe
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La Salle
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down MI R. via FR in 1680s
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Cabrillo
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1542 to CA coast, didn't find SF Bay
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Fr. Junipero Serra
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to San Diego, 1768 Franciscan mission
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