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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
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*Established Judicial Review
*Midnight Judges *John Marshall *Power of the Supreme Court |
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
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*Established national supremacy
*Established implied powers *Use of elastic clause *State unable to tax federal institutions *John Marshall *The Power to Tax involves the power to destroy |
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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
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*Established a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause
*Determined Congress' power encompassed virtually every form of commercial activity. *The Commerce clause has been the Constitutional basis for much of Congress' regulation of the economy. |
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
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*Established separate but equal
*Gave Supreme Court approval to Jim Crow Laws |
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Weeks v. U.S. (1914)
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*Established the Exclusionary Rule at the federal level
*Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court |
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Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
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*Oliver Wendell Holmes
*Clear and present danger test *shouting fire in a crowded theatre *limits on speech, esp in wartime |
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Gitlow v. New York (1925)
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*Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states)
*states cannot deny freedom of speech protected through due process clause of Fourteenth Amendment |
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Near v. Minnesota (1931)
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*Held that the 1st Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint
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Palko v. Connecticut (1937)
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*Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be federalized
*Those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist |
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Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)
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*Upheld as constitutional the internment of Americans with Japanese descent during WWII
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Brown v. Board, 1st (1954)
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*School segregation unconstitutional
*segregation psychologically damaging to blacks *Overturned separate but equal *Use of 14th amendment *judicial activism of the Warren Court *unanimous decision |
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Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955)
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*Ordered schools to desegregate with all due and deliberate speed
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Roth v. United States (1957)
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*Established that obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press
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Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
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*Established exclusionary rule
*Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court *Warren court's judicial activism in criminal rights |
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Engel v. Vitale (1962)
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Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the 1st amendment's establishment clause and the 14th amendment's due process clause
*Warren Court's judicial activism |
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Baker v. Carr (1962)
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*One man, one vote
*Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population *Warren Court's judicial activism |
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Abbington v. Schempp (1963)
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*Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause
*Warren Court's judicial activism |
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Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
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*Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings
*Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights |
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Wesberry v. Sanders (1963)
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*Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible.
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NY Times v. Sullivan (1964)
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*Held that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth.
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Griswald v. Connecticut (1965)
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*Esttablished right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments.
*set a precedent for Roe v Wade |
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Miranda v. Arizona (1965)
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*Established Miranda warnings of counsel and silence
*Must be given before questioning *Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights |
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Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
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*Established the three part test to determine if establishment clause is violated
*nonsecular purpose, advances/ inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government |
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Miller v. California (1973)
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*Established that community standards be used in determining whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to prurient interest, eing patently offensive, and lacking in value
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Roe v. Wade (1973)
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* Established national abortion guidelines
*trimester guidelines *No state interferece in 1st *state may regulate to protect health of the mother in 2nd *state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. *Inferred from right to privacy established in Griswald v. Connecticut |
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U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
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*Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases
*Even the president is not above the law *Watergate |
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Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
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*1st Amendment protects campaign spending
*Legislatures can limit contributions, but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns *The decision opened the door for PACs to spend unlimited amounts of money for campaigning activities as long as they're not directly coordinated with a particular campaign |
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Gregg v. Georgia
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*Upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty
*death penalty does not constitute cruel & unusual punishment *overturned Furman v. Georgia |
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U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978)
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*Bakke & UC Davis Med School
*Declared strict quotas unconstitutuonal but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions *Bakke was admitted *affirmative action |
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Texas v. Johnson (1989)
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*Struck down law banning the burning of the American fflag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the first amendment
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Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
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*States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose undue burden upon women
*Did not overturn Roe, but gave states more leeway in regulating abortion (e.g. 24 hour waiting period, parental consent for minors) |
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Shaw v. Reno (1993)
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*No racial gerrymandering
*Race can not be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative bounderies *majority-minority districts |
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U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
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*Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce
*The first case to begin reigning in Congress authority under the Commerce Clause. |
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Clinton v. NY
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*Banned presidential use of the line-item veto
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Bush v. Gore (2000)
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*Use of the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the 2000 election
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Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
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*Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs
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Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002)
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*Struck down a federal ban on virtual child pornography
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Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
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*Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy
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Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
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*Struck down use of bonus points for race in undergrad admissions at University of Michigan
*Affirmative Action |
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Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
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*Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at University of Michigan
*Affirmative Action |