A&p Test Chapter 4-5-6

Front 1

Which of the following is not a type of Carb

A. Monosaccharides

B. Disaccharides

C. Megasaccharides

D. PolySaccharides

Back 1

C. Megasaccharides is not a carb

Front 2

Which of the following is incorrect in reference to carbohydrates.

A. They include substances referred to as sugars

B. They serve critical structural roles in RNA and DNA

They represent a primary source of chemical energy for body cells

D. They are replete with nitrogen atoms.

Back 2

D.

Front 3

How many commonly occuring amino acids are proteins composed of?

Back 3

21

Front 4

The most important monosaccharide or simple sugar for the body is

Back 4

Glucose

Front 5

What are the building blocks of a triglyceride or fat

Back 5

Glycerol and fatty acids

Front 6

What is a phospholipid and why is it an important type of molecule

Back 6

They form the backbone of the plasma membrane. They are fat compounds. They are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

Front 7

What is the important steroid that stabilizes cellular structure?

Back 7

Cholesterol

Front 8

What element is present in all proteins but not carbohydrates?

Back 8

Nitrogen

Front 9

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule composed of an _____ and _____

Back 9

Adenine, and ribose sugar.

Front 10

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Back 10

1. Primary Protein Structure

2. Secondary Protein structure

3. Tertiary protein structure

4. Quaternary protein structure.

Front 11

Primary protein structure refers to?

Back 11

The number, kind, and sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain.

Hint. Bubbles

A long chain of amino acids

Front 12

Secondary protein structure are?

Back 12

The folding and twisting of amino acid chain. (Double Helix, Alpha Helix)

They resemble a spiral staircase

Front 13

Tertiary Protein Structure

Back 13

A protein structure that is formed when the twists and folds of a secondary structure folds agian to form a 3d structure.

A globular shaped structure of protein.

The coils touch another in many places and spot welds occur

Front 14

Quaternary protein structure.

Back 14

A protein structure consisting of more than one folded amino acid chain.

Contain more than one polypeptide chain all linked together in one giant molecule.

Front 15

The elements that make up a protein molecule are bonded together to form chemical units called?

Back 15

Amino acids

Front 16

Proteins are composed of ___ naturally occuring amino acids.

Back 16

21

Front 17

How many essential amino acis are there

Back 17

8 amino acids are known as essential amino acids.

Front 18

A peptide bond is?

Back 18

A bond that binds the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid.

Front 19

All proteins have four elements which are?

Back 19

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen.

Front 20

What keeps enemzyes working properly

Back 20

Their Shape.

Front 21

The inside of a cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called?

Back 21

Cytoplasm. (Literally Cell Substance)

Front 22

The outer boundary of a cell is called a

Back 22

Plasma Membrane

Front 23

Which of the following is not an example of proteins?

A. Hormones

B. Antibodies

C. Urine

D. Enzymes

Back 23

C. Urine is not a protein

Front 24

A structural lipid found in a cell membrane is a?

A Triglyceride

B. Phospholipid

C. Steroid

D. Protstaglandin

Back 24

B. Phospholipids are found in a cell membrane

Front 25

Which of the following is the correct example of DNA base pairinng?

A. Adenine-cytosine

B. Guanine-adenine

C. Adenine-Thymine

D. Guanine-thymine

Back 25

C/ Adenine-Thymine

Front 26

A DNA molecule contains each of the following except.

A. Sugar

B. Nitrogenous base.

C. Phosphate

D. Lipid

Back 26

D. Lipids

Front 27

DNA differs from RNA in that.

A. RNA contains Ribose instead of Deoxyribose.

B. RNA contains thymine instead of uracil

C. RNA contains a double polynucleotide strand.

D. There is no structural difference between RNA and DNA

Back 27

A. RNA contains ribose instead of Dexoyribose

R=Ribose

whereas DNA - Dexoyribose

Front 28

True or false: Steroids are poorly distrubuted throughout the body.

Back 28

False. Steroids arefound in ambudance in the body.

Front 29

High density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the good cholesterol

Back 29

True.

Think H=Happy

Front 30

True or false Protein compounds have no role in defending the body against harmful agents.

Back 30

False.

Front 31

True or False: The nonessential amino acids can be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules

Back 31

True

Front 32

True or False : Prostaglandins are "tissue hormones"

Back 32

True

Front 33

True or False: Enzymes are functional proteins that bring molecules together or split them apart in chemical reactions

Back 33

True

Front 34

Carbohydrates contain ________

Back 34

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 35

Carbohydrates are the primary source of _____- of the body

Back 35

Energy

Front 36

Monosaccharides are known as

Back 36

Simple sugars

Front 37

Disccharides and polysaccharides are called

Back 37

Double sugars and complex sugars. They are carbohydrates composed of two or more simple sugars bonded through dehydration sysnthesis reactions.

Front 38

Sucrose, maltose, lactose are all

A. Monosaccharides

B. Disaccharides.

C. Polysaccharides

Back 38

Disaccharides. They consist of two monosaccharides linked together through a dehydration synthesis reaction

Front 39

The four main biological molecules are

Back 39

A. Carbohydrates

b. Lipids.

C. Proteins

D. Nucleic acids and related molecules

Front 40

True or False

Lipids are water insolulble organic biomolecules. They afe generally nonpolar.

Back 40

True Lipids are insolulble in water

Front 41

Lipids major roles in the body are

Back 41

Used for Energy purposes.

Serve as structural role and functional as integral parts of the cell membranes.

Front 42

The building blocks of a triglyceride or fat are

Back 42

Glycerol and Fatty acids

Front 43

A saturated fatty acid is

Back 43

A fatty acid in which all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled

Think Saturated = full

Front 44

A unsaturated fatty acid has one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain because not all the chains carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms

Back 44

think

Saturated = full

so Unsaturated = unfull

Front 45

What is a nucleoide

Back 45

Small molecules of phosphate, sugar, nitrogen bases that make up nucleic aicds

Front 46

ATP is a very important molecule composed of adenine and ribose sugar. It is also a type of energy used by

Back 46

Cells. ATP is called Energy currency of cells

Front 47

ATP is known as

Back 47

Energy currency of cells.

Front 48

What is the general function of enzymes?

Back 48

Enzymes regulate cell functions by regulating metabolic pathways.

Front 49

The types are cell metabolism are

Back 49

Anabolism

Catabolism

Front 50

Anabolism is the kind of metabolism that

Back 50

builds large and complex molecules from smaller ones.

Front 51

Catabolism is the kind of metabolism that

Back 51

break down molecules usually nutrient molecules an thereby releases energy from the broken molecules.

Front 52

True or false. Enzymes are proteins

Back 52

true

Front 53

Enzymes are classified as

Back 53

Functional proteins

Front 54

The definition of metabolism

Back 54

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. Cell metabolism refers to the chemical reactions of the cell.

Front 55

What is the importance of phosphate to phosphate bond

Back 55

The greatest energy is stored in the bond

Front 56

How do molecules move through a membrane?

Back 56

They move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 57

Lysomoes do what?

Back 57

Lysosomes digestestive enzymes break down defective cell parts and ingested particles

Front 58

Ribosomes do what?

Back 58

Site of proein sysnthesis.

Front 59

Sperm cell has a

A. Cilia

B. Flagella

Back 59

Flagella is the sperm's tail

Front 60

Nuclelous is the site of?

Back 60

Formation of ribosome subunits

Front 61

Pores that allow water to pass through are called?

Back 61

Aquaporins are water channels that permit rapid osmosis

Front 62

Diffusion is an active or passive process?

Back 62

Diffusion is a passive process. Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 63

Types of passive diffusions are

Back 63

Diffusion and simple diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive diffusions

Front 64

Hypertonic

Back 64

Higher pressure. Place a red blood cell in a solution with a higher concentration of impermeant solutes than that found in the cell has a higher osomitc pressure.

Front 65

Isotonic.

Back 65

Pressure in intracellular and the solute is the same

Front 66

Can osomtic pressure be measured?

Back 66

No because it is a predicition of what the actual osomotic pressure is

Front 67

When you place a red blood cell in a solution that has lower osmotic pressure than inside the cell. the solution is

Back 67

hypotonic

Front 68

Channel mediated passive transport

Back 68

uses membrane channels to pass molecules through

Front 69

Carrier mediated passive transport.

Back 69

Carrier mediated passive transport are reversible. IT does not involve binding the solute molecule and changing the shape to release the bound solute

Front 70

Types of active transport are

Back 70

Transport by pumps

Transport by Vesicles

- Endocytosis

- Exotocytosis

- Pinocytosis

Front 71

Pinocytosis (condition of the cell drinking) is

Back 71

When the fluid and the solutes dissolved in it may enter the cell

Front 72

Exocytosis is the process by which

Back 72

Large molecules notably proteins can leave the cell even though the are to large to move through the plasma membrane

Front 73

Phagocytosis is the process by which

Back 73

Movement of cells or other large particles into the cells by trapping it in a section of a plasma membrane that pinches off to form a intracellular vesicle.

Traps cells

Front 74

Pumping is a form of active transport that

Back 74

a movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Front 75

Osmosis is the

Back 75

Passive movement of water through a selectivly permeable membrane

Front 76

Catabolism is

Back 76

The breaking down molecules which releases energy

Front 77

Anabolism is the kind of metabolism

Back 77

that builds large complex molecules from smaller ones.

Front 78

An entire metabolic pathway can be

Back 78

turned on or off by the activation or inactivation of any one of the enzymes that catalyze reactions in that particular pathway

Front 79

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called an

Back 79

Allosteric effector.

Front 80

True or false

Many enzymes are synthesized as inactive proenzymes

Back 80

True.. They need a kinases to be converted to active enzymes

Front 81

Kinases are used to activate enzymes

True or False?

Back 81

True Kinases activate enzymes usually by means of an allosteric effect

Front 82

Glycolysis is a ______ pathway

Back 82

Catabolic pathway that begins with glucose

Front 83

The steps of cellular respirations are?

Back 83

1. Glycolysis

2. Citric acid cycle (krebs cycle)

3. Electron transport system

Front 84

Dialysis is a passive or active process?

Back 84

Passive

Front 85

Cellular respiration is the pathway of Catabolism or Anabolism?

Back 85

Catabolism. Breaking down

Front 86

True or false

The Citric acid cycle is a repeating (cyclic) cycle?

Back 86

true

Front 87

Enzymes regulate cell functions by regulating _____

Back 87

Metabolic pathways

Front 88

Enzymes regulate cell ____

Back 88

Metabolism

Front 89

a metabolic pathway is

Back 89

different kinds of chemical reactions that often occur in a sequence of reactions called a metabolic pathway.