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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychological science seeks to answer question about how people... (3 things) |
think, feel, act |
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Greek philosophers Plato and Socrates concluded that what two things are separate |
mind and body |
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greek philosophers Plato and Socrates believe that knowledge is... |
innate or born within us |
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who was Socrates and Plato's student |
Aristotle |
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what are Aristotle's beliefs about knowledge |
it grows from experiences stored in our memories |
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what enables body movements according to french philosopher Rene Descartes? |
animal spirits |
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English philosopher John Locke believes that the mind at birth is a.... |
blank slate |
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blank slate |
Tabula Rasa |
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empiricism |
the view that science should rely on observation and experimentation |
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what does empiricism believe science should rely on? |
observation and experimentation |
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the first psychological laboratory was found in 1879 by... |
Wilhelm Wundt |
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Wilhelm Wundt's student |
Edward Bradford Titchener |
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Titchener introduced the school of... |
structuralism |
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structuralism |
explored the basic elements of the mind using the method of introspection |
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T or F introspection was unreliable |
true |
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who was william james influenced by |
Charles Darwin |
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william james believes thinking develops because it is... |
adaptive |
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william james founded the school of.... |
functionalist |
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the school of functionalist focused on... |
how mental and behavioral processes inable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish |
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who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA) |
Mary Calkins |
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who was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology |
Margaret Floy Washburn |
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experimental psychologists |
explore thinking and behavior by conducting experiments |
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what are the historical roots of psychology (2) |
philosophy and biology |
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early psychologist who pioneered the study of learning |
ivan pavlov |
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early psychologist who was a personality theorist |
sigmund freud |
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early psychologist who studied children |
jean piaget |
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how was psychology defined in its early years |
the science of mental life |
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ow was psychology defined from 1920-1960 |
the science of observable behavior |
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during the 1960s, psychology underwent what kind of revolution |
cognitive |
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cognitive |
how our mind processes and retains information |
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the study of brain activity linked with mental activity is called... |
cognitive neuroscience |
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how does the author define psychology |
scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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behavior |
any action that we can observe and record |
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mental processes |
internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior |
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psychology is less a set a findings and more... |
a way of asking and answering questions |
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the number of psychologists is... |
increasing
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psychological science is... |
globalizing |
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the nature-nurture issue is the controversy over who's (2) contributions |
Plato and Aristotle |
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Naturalist Charles Darwin explained pieces variation by proposing the process of... |
evolution |
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evolution works through the principle of... |
natural selection |
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what 2 traits will most likely be passive on to succeeding generations |
survival and reproduction |
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nurture works on what ___ endows |
nature |
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every biological event is also a ... |
psychological event |
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each person is a complex ... |
system |
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systems are part of a larger.... |
social system |
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three main levels of analysis |
biological, psychological, social-cultural |
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biological, psychological, social-cultural integrated approach |
biopsychosocial approach to the study of behavior and mental processes |
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biological perspective |
study how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
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evolutionary perspective |
study how natural selection influences behavior tendencies |
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psychodynamic perspective |
believe behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
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behavioral perspective |
study the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed |
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cognitive perspective |
explores how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information |
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humanistic perspective |
explore how people attempt to fulfill their potential |
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social-cultural perspective |
study how thinking and behavior vary in different situations |
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different perspectives on big issues ______ each other |
complement |
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psychometrics |
branch of psychology devoted to measuring our abilities, attitudes, and traits |
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psychologists may be involved in conducting |
basic research |
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basic research builds pyschologys |
knowledge base or applied research |
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applied research |
seeks solutions to practical problems |
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developmental psychologists |
study our changing abilities from womb to tomb |
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educational psychologists |
study influences on teaching and learning |
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personality psychologists |
investigate our persistent traits |
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social psychologists |
explore how we view and affect one another |
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counseling psychologists |
help people cope with problems in living |
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clinical pyschologists |
study, assess, and treat troubled people |
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psychiatrists |
provide psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders |
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SQ3R |
survey, question, read, rehearse, review |
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5 study tips |
1 distribute your study time 2 learn to think critically 3 listen actively 4 overlearn 5 be a smart test taker |
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freudian psychology and behaviorism is critiqued as |
too mechanistic |
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carl rogers and abraham maslow forged what psychology |
humanistic |
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humanistic psychology |
emphasized the growth of healthy people |
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In its earliest days, psychology was defined as the... |
science of mental life |
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who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed" |
sigmund freud |
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today, psychology is defined as the |
science of behavior and mental processes |
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who introduced the early school of structural ism |
edward titchner |
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who wrote the early textbook principles of psychology |
william james |
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which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature vs nurture on our behavior |
the debate as to the relative importance of heredity and instinct in determining behavior |
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the 17th century philosopher who believed the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through sensory experience |
locke |
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which 17th century philosopher believed that some ideas are innate |
plato |
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which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and body in behavior |
cognitive |
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a psychologist who explores how asian and north american definitions of attractiveness doffer is working from the |
social-cultural perspective |
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a psychologist who conducts experiments solely intended to build psychologys knowledge base is engaged in |
basic research |
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psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called |
clinical psychologists |