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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The function(s) of the skeletal system is (are):
A) it is a storage area for calcium and lipids B) it provides structural support for the entire body C) it is involved in blood cell formation D) all of the above |
D) all of the above
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One function of bone is the production of red and white blood cells. These cells are made in what substance in bone?
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red marrow
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Which of the following bones is accurately described as an irregular bone?
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vertebrae
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Bones forming the roof of the skull and the scapula are referred to as:
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flat bones
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Mature bones cells found in lacunae are called:
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osteocytes
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Giant multinucleated cells involved in the process of osteolysis are:
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osteoclasts
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One of the basic histological differences between compact and spongy bone is that in compact bone:
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the basic functional unit is the Haversian system
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Spongy or cancellous bone, unlike compact bone, resembles a network of bony struts separated by spaces that are normally filled with:
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bone marrow
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Spongy bone is found primarily at which part of long bones?
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expanded ends, where they articulate with other skeletal elements
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Compact bone is usually found where:
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stresses arrive from a limited range of directions
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During intramembranous ossification, the developing bone grows outward from the ossification center in small struts called:
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spicules
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When osteoblasts begin to differentiate with a connective tissue, the process is called:
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intramembranous ossification
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The process during which bones begin development as cartilage models and the cartilage is later replaced by bone is called:
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endochondral ossification
Note: Chondro = cartilage |
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The region known as the metaphysis is the area where:
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cartilage is being replaced by bone
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The bony skeleton begins to form about __________ after fertilization, and usually does not stop growing until about age __________ years.
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6 weeks; 25 years
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The process of replacing other tissues with bone is called:
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ossification
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Which bone disorder is characterized by the formation of bones in skeletal muscles?
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myositis ossificans
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The condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is:
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osteoporosis
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A person who chooses to eat a diet of junk food and has a sedentary job is NOT likely to experience which of the following?
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thickened, prominent ridges on bones in the places of muscle attachment
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Growth hormone from the pituitary gland and thyroxine from the thyroid gland maintain normal bone growth activity at the:
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epiphyseal plates
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Secondary ossification centers can be found in the:
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epiphyses of a long bone
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A Pott's fracture, which occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg, is identified primarily by:
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dislocation
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Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in bone indicate:
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where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate bones
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An anatomical term used to describe a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves is:
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foramen
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Changing the magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles is an illustration of the skeletal function of:
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leverage
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A sesamoid bone would most often be found:
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near joints at the knee, the hands, and the feet
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The outer surface of the bone, the periosteum:
A) isolates the bone from surrounding tissues B) actively participates in bone growth and repair C) provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply D) all of the above |
D) all of the above
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Osteolysis is an important process in the regulation of:
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calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids
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A tall, slender person with unusually long, slender limbs because of excess cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages has what disorder?
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Marfan's syndrome
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A girl born with nonfunctioning ovaries could be expected to have a deficiency in the activity of which type of cell?
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osteoblasts
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Darcy wrecks her bike and experiences a break in the distal portion of her radius, which now projects out of her skin. Which type of fracture does she have?
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an open Colles' fracture
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The thyroid regulates bone growth and maintenance through its production of what hormone?
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thyroxine
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When the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal, secretion of the hormone calcitonin:
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increases the rate of calcium ion excretion
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When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones:
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grow longer
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The major advantage(s) for bones to undergo continual remodeling is (are):
A) it may change the internal structure of a bone B) it may change the shape of a bone C) it may change the total amount of minerals deposited in the bones D) all of the above |
D) all of the above
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The fibers of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching:
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skeletal muscles to bones
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Appositional growth:
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all of the above
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The type of fracture common in skull injuries is a ______ fracture.
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depressed
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The circulating hormones that stimulate bone growth are:
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growth hormone and thyroxine
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Appositional bone growth at the outer surface results in:
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an increase in the diameter of a growing bone
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The vitamins that are specifically required for normal bone growth are:
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vitamins C, A, and D
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Homogenized milk fortified with vitamin D would be effective in preventing what bone disorder in children?
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rickets
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Vitamin C is essential to bone health because it:
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all of the above
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A fracture in which one side of the shaft is broken and the other side is bent is a:
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greenstick fracture
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Which of the following does NOT occur during fracture repair?
A) remodeling of the external callus B) formation of a fracture hematoma C) cells from the periosteum and endosteum dividing and differentiating into osteoblasts to secrete new bone matrix in the injured area D) dead tissue next to the break being left in the break area and covered by new bone tissue |
D) dead tissue next to the break being left in the break area and covered by new bone tissue
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Osteomalacia is caused by a diet deficient in:
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calcium or vitamin D
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The condition in which a person's leg bones bend under the weight of their body is:
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rickets
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The hormone synthesized in the kidneys that regulates absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract is:
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calcitriol
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Fractures that shatter the bone into many small fragments are called ______ fractures.
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comminuted
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