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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The [gameophyte/sporophyte] generation is the dominant generation in the life of an angiosperm.
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The sporophyte generation is the dominant generation in the life of an angiosperm.
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What are the reproductive organs in flowers?
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The stamens and carpals.
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What is the reproductive organ found in the male part of angiosperms? The female part?
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Male = stamen (staMEN)
Female = carpal |
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What's the difference between complete and incomplete flowers?
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Complete flowers have all of the basic flower parts; incomplete flowers do not.
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The anther and the ovule have _________ located inside of them, which is where the gametophytes develop.
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The anther and the ovule have SPORANGIA located inside of them, which is where the gametophytes develop.
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Pollen Grains (male gametes) develop in the ___________. Embryo Sack (female gametes) develop in the ____________.
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Pollen Grains (male gametes) develop in the MICROSPORANGIUM. Embryo Sack (female gametes) develop in the MEGASPORANGIUM.
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Order of events: Microsporangium → a microsporocyte → 4 __________ → each ___________ will develop into 1 pollen grain, each housing 2 sperm.
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Order of events: Microsporangium → a microsporocyte → 4 MICROSPORES → each MICROSPORE will develop into 1 pollen grain, each housing 2 sperm.
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Order of events: Megasporangium → a ___________ → 4 megaspores but only one will survive → embryo sack.
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Order of events: Megasporangium → a MEGASPOROCYTE → 4 megaspores but only one will survive → embryo sack.
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What occurs in self-incompatibility?
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Many flowers will reject pollen from itself (promotes genetic diversity).
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What is the goal of all plants in a response?
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The goal of all plants in a response is to enhance survival and reproductive success.
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What term is used for the reception of stimulus and then a response.
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Signal Transduction Pathways
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Plant hormones are ________ signals.
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Plant hormones are CHEMICAL signals.
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Plant hormones are only needed in [small/large] quantities in order to work.
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Plant hormones are only needed in small quantities in order to work.
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Which class of plant hormones can kill in high quantities?
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Auxins
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Where are auxins found in plants?
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The embryo of seeds; the apical meristems.
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Where is cytokinin synthesized?
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The roots.
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What is the function of gibberellins?
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Promotes seed and bud germination, stem elongation, and stimulates flowering & growth of a fruit.
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Which class of hormones is similar to animal cholesterol and sex hormones?
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Brassinosteroids
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Where are brassinosteroids found in the plant?
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Seeds, fruits, shoots, leaves, and floral buds.
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What do brassinosteroids do?
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They inhibit root growth and slow leaf abscission (leaf falling off).
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What does abscisic acid do?
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Inhibits growth, closes stomata during stress, and promotes seed dormancy.
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Where can ethylene be found on a plant?
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Tissue of ripening fruit, aging leaves and flowers.
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What does ethylene do?
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Promotes fruit ripening, opposes auxin, and leaf abscission (falling off of a leaf).
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Which class of plant hormone is produced during plant stress and can induce a triple response?
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Ethylene gas.
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Gravitropism is controlled by statoliths in plant cells. Explain statoliths.
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They're specialized plastids inside of each cell that tells the position of the cell.
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What is the term for: reacting to being disturbed (wind, touch…)?
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Thigmomophism
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What is the term for: the attraction to mechanical supports (many vines)?
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Thigmotropism
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What are the three main uses of roots?
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1. Anchorage
2. Storage of goods 3. Absorb nutrients |
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In the root, where does most absorption occur and why?
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At the root tip because there are many root hairs there which increase surface area.
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Eudicots have [taproots/fibrous roots]. Monocots have [taproots/fibrous roots].
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Eudicots have TAPROOTS. Monocots have FIBROUS ROOTS.
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Where do all lateral roots originate from?
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The pericycle.
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In a monocot root, the Xylem is always found towards the [inside/outside] of the pericycle.
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In a monocot root, the Xylem is always found towards the INSIDE of the pericycle.
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The stele is the same as the _________ _________.
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The stele is the same as the VASCULAR CYLINDER.
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The pericycle of an eudicot root is directly on the [inside/outside] of the endodermis.
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The pericycle of an eudicot root is directly on the INSIDE of the endodermis.
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Branches and leaves originate from what?
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Nodes
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What term is defined as, "The spaces between leaves on a stem."? (Basically between nodes)
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Internodes
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Axillary buds have the potential to develop into a ________ ______.
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Axillary buds have the potential to develop into a LATERAL SHOOT.
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Where can terminal buds be found?
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At the very top of the plant stem, and also on the tips of branches.
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What term is defined as, "Dominance in which most resources are used at the terminal buds."
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Apical dominance
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Where do leaves originate from?
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The leaf primordia.
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In a monocot stem, the vascular bundles are...
- ...organized in a circular path. - ...spread randomly throughout the ground tissue. |
In a monocot stem, the vascular bundles are spread randomly throughout the ground tissue.
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Fiber plant cells are also known as...
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Fiber plant cells are also known as SCLERENCHYMA CELLS.
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Leaves are made of parts known as the blade and stalk. Another name for "stalk" is...
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Another name for "stalk" is PETIOLE.
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Eudicot leaves are characterized by what feature?
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Eudicot leaves are characterized by having multi-branched veins. They are also known as "True trees".
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Monocot leaf veins are...
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...parallel.
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Where is the main site of photosynthesis?
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The mesophyll palisade and Spongy tissue.
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Which cells protect vascular tissue?
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Bundle sheath cells.
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Dermal tissue in non-woody plants is known as the ________. In woody plants, it is known as the _________.
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Dermal tissue in non-woody plants is known as the EPIDERMIS. In woody plants, it is known as the PERIDERM.
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What are the two components of vascular tissue?
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Xylem and phloem.
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Which ground tissue is found inward and which is found outward: pith, cortex?
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The pith is found inward in relation to the cortex, which is found outward the pith.
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Sclerenchyma cells are thick secondary cell walls made up of ________.
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Sclerenchyma cells are thick secondary cell walls made up of LIGNIN.
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Which type of plant cell is the typical plant cell? It is totipotent and most metabolic processes take place in these.
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Parenchyma cells.
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Which plant cells do you normally associate with celery strands?
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Collenchyma cells.
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Phloem cells lack __________ and are supported by cells known as _________ _______.
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Phloem cells lack ORGANELLES and are supported by cells known as COMPANION CELLS.
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Perennials live __________.
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Perennials live INDEFINITELY.
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Apical meristems are associated with which type of plant growth? Lateral meristems?
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Apical meristems are associated with primary growth (upward), and lateral meristems are associated with secondary growth (thickness).
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The vascular cambium is the ________ _________ and is only _____ cell layer(s) thick.
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The vascular cambium is the LATERAL MERISTEM and is only ONE cell layer thick.
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Heart wood are xylem cells that are _________.
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Heart wood are xylem cells that are MATURE / DEAD.
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Bark is made up of what two things?
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Secondary phloem and layers of periderm.
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Mosses are examples of what type of plant?
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Bryophytes.
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Bryophytes lack what?
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They lack vascular tissue. They rely on osmosis to move water to the top of the plant.
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The loss of water is known as ___________.
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The loss of water is known as TRANSPIRATION.
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Water will move from an area of ________ water potential to an area of _________ water potential.
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Water will move from an area of HIGHER water potential to an area of LOWER water potential.
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What's the difference between apoplastic and symplastic transport routes?
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Symplastic routes only travel through the plant cells' cytosol, which apoplectic routes only travel through the plant cells' cell walls.
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What is defined as, "The movement of fluid driven by pressure only, and usually in large amounts."?
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Bulk flow
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What term is defined as, "A fungal symbiont used to increase the surface area of a root."?
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Mycorrhizae
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Why does the apoplectic route lead to a dead end?
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Eventually, the substances flowing in the apoplectic route will hit something called the Casparian strip in the endoderm. The Casparian strip is made up of Suberin, a waxy substance.
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Negative pressure (caused by transpiration) is the [most power/weakest] force that drives xylem up a plant.
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Negative pressure (caused by transpiration) is the MOST POWERFUL force that drives xylem up a plant.
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Xerophytic plants are plants that have evolved to live in what kind of conditions?
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Dry, arid conditions.
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