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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Locomotion in chordates may be described as the interaction between |
an endoskeleton and muscles |
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Biologically similar organisms have similar DNA and proteins. This statement supports the concept of |
organic evolution |
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Embryos of fish, chickens, and pigs have gill slits and a tail. The presence of these features suggests that |
these animals may have had a common ancestor |
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To communicate between cells, many multicellular animals use |
nerve signals and hormones |
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Sheep and pigs have more enzymes in common than sheep and frogs do. This finding may indicate that |
sheep are most closely related to pigs than to frogs. |
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In a human female, what is the most direct result of te presence of the hormone FSH? |
development of the ovarian follicle |
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Which pair of structures are homologous? |
bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of a bat |
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Beak structures differ between individuals of one species of bird. These differences most likely indicate |
the presence of a variety of food sources |
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The bones in the forelimbs of three mammals are shown below. For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicate that they may have |
developed from the same earlier species |
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Which organism lacks a specialized transport system? |
hydra |
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Which sequence best represents the pathway of a gas as it passes from the atmosphere into a leaf? |
stomata- air space- spongy cell |
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Which is a characteristic of an animal? |
heterotrophic |
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Which animal is capable of reproducing asexually? |
hydra |
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In flowering pants, the ripened ovary develops into a |
fruit |
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Vascular tissue that transports water in leaves connects directly to |
xylem in the stem |
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In trees, shrubs, and other woody plants, the exchange of CO2 and O2 with the environment may occur through structures known as |
lenticels |
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After several days near a window, a house plant began to grow toward the window. This growth pattern occurred because auxins |
stimulated the growth of cells on the dark side of the plant |
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Sugars are transported from the leaves to the roots of a plant in the |
phloem tubes |
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Which organisms possesses a single opening which functions as a mouth for the ingestion of food and also as an anus for the elimination of undigested materials? |
Hydra |
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In sexual reproduction, the 2n chromosome number is restored as a direct result of |
fertilization |
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Which species is most likely to survive changing environment conditions |
a species that reproduces sexually |
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A single pair of goldfish in an aquarium produced a large number of offspring. These offspring showed variations in body shape and coloration. The most likely explanation for these variations is that the |
offspring were produced from different combinations of genes |
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Decomposition and decay of organic natter are accomplished by an action of |
bacteria and fungi |
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Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they |
recycle organic matter |
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Differences in the bone arrangements support the hypothesis that these organisms |
have adaptations to survive in different environments |
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"Dolly" is a sheep developed from an egg cell of her mother that had its nucleus replaced by a nucleus from a body cell of her mother. As a result of this technique, Dolly is |
genetically identical to her mother |
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Which is an important adaptation for reproduction among land animals? |
fertilization of gametes within the body of the female |
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Unfertilized eggs of a frog can be made to undergo cleavage if the eggs are pricked with a needle. This type of development is known as |
parthenogenesis |
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Which is a characteristic that all protists share? |
They all live in liquid water. |
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Which process is used by animals to remove ingested foods that can not be digested? |
egestion |
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A blockage of the spiracles in a grasshopper would first affect the ability of the grasshopper to |
exchange gases |
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Which substances are necessary for the synthesis of most materials in an organism? |
enzymes |
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Fungi, such as bread mold, use a method of digestion that is described as |
chemical and extracellular |
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Which organisms lack a respiratory system ad exchange respiratory gases through thin, moist membranes directly with the environment? |
monerans, protists, and fungi |
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Certain bacteria produce a chemical that makes them resistant a penicillin. Since these bacteria reproduce asexually, they usually produce offspring that |
survive exposure to penicillin |
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Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the volcanoes This would classified as |
autotrophic |
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Bacteria that can survive without oxygen are described as |
anaerobic |
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Which statement illustrates how human activities can most directly change the dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem? |
A hurricane causes a stream to overflow its banks. |
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Which substances are metabolic waste products excreted by animals? |
water, urea, and carbon dioxide |
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The bones in the wing of a bird, the flipper of a whale, and the arm of a human are considered by many scientists to be |
homologous structures |
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Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animals that they have not killed, they are known as |
scavengers |
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After a rabbit population reaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the population of rabbits will most likely |
alternately increase and decrease |
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Variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms is the direct results of |
sorting and recombining of genes |
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_______ is when the larva appears similar to the adult insect, but goes through a series of molt's until it reaches the adult stage. |
gradual metamorphosis |
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What is a dihybred cross? |
When two traits are linked, both traits are heterozygous and crossed with another dihybred or the same traits. |
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Which factor has the greatest influence on the variety of species that survive in different regions of a marine habitat? |
depth of light penetration |
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What is the role of bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem? |
to recycle waste materials |
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Organisms that have the ability to use an atmospheric gas to produce an organic nutrient are known as |
autotrophs |
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Which organism has a type of nutrition most similar to that of animals? |
fungus |
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What would most likely happen if most of the bacteria and fungi were removed from an ecosystem? |
Nutrients resulting from decomposition would be reduced. |
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______ is when the larva appears similar to the adult insect, but goes through a series of molts until it reaches the adult stage. |
gradual metamorphosis |
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The carrying capacity of a given environment is least dependent upon |
daily temperature fluctuations |
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Which practice would most likely deplete a nonrenewable natural resource? |
burning coal to generate electricity in a powerplant |
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The cells of an individual contain 47 chromosomes. This number of chromosomes could cause the condition known as |
Down syndrome |
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The energy found in ATP molecules synthesized in animal cells comes directly from |
organic molecules |
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"natural ecosystems provide an array of basic processes that affect humans." Which statement does NOT support this question? |
Treated sewage is less damaging to the environment than untreated sewage. |
|
Changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere that may produce acid rain are most closely associated with |
industrial smoke stack emissions |
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One way to help provide suitable environments for future generations is to urge individuals to |
apply ecological principles when making decisions that will have environmental impact |
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A new island formed by volcanic action may eventually become populated with biotic communities as a result of |
the process of ecological succession |
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Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function? |
ribosome- synthesis of proteins |
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Marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks a certain step in the separation of chromosomes. Which cellular process would be directly affected by this catalyst? |
mitosis |
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Sperm cells have a monoploid number of chromosomes (n) rather than a diploid number of chromosomes (2n) as a result of the process of |
meiosis |
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Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins? |
Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins. |
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Which sequence of terms represents decrease from the greatest number of structures to the least number of structures present in a cell? |
gene-chromosome-nucleus |
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Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of |
bases |
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Genes carried only on an X-chromosome are said to be |
sex-linked |
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In fruit flies, red eye color (R) is dominant and white eye color (r) is recessive. The allele for eye color is carried on the X-chromosome, Which cross would most likely produce 50% white-eyed males and 50% red-eyes males? |
X^R X^r x X^rY |
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Decomposers are important in the environment because they |
convert large molecules into simpler molecules that can be recycled |
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An environment can support only as many organisms as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen will allow. Which term is best described by this statement? |
carrying capacity |
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Which animal has modified ecosystems more than any other animal and has had the greatest negative impact on world ecosystems? |
human |
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External fertilization occurs most often in |
fish and amphibians |
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A man lifts wights and develops large arm muscles. His son has larger muscles than his father has at the same age. According to Lamarck's theory, this situation is due to |
inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of |
chromosomal mutations |
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A condition by the lack of an enzyme needed to metabolize a specific amino acid is known as |
phenylketonuria |
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Which condition would mos likely upset the stability of an ecosystem? |
a greater mass of animals than plants |
|
In grasshoppers and humans, locomotion is accomplished by means of |
the interaction of muscles and jointed appendages |
|
For a natural ecosystem to be self-sustaining many essential chemical elements must be |
cycled between organisms and the environment |
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What would most likely occur after an ecosystem is disrupted by fire? |
The ecosystem would be eventually return to its original state. |
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The chemical synthesis area most likely contains |
enzymes necessary for carbon-fixation reactions |
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Identify one process that a producer can accomplish that a carnivore cannot accomplish. |
photosynthesis |
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Scientists have cloned sheep but have NOT yet cloned a human. The best explanation for this situation is that |
there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans |
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The size of a mouse population in a natural ecosystem tends to remain relatively constant due to |
the carrying capacity of the environment |
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Some mammals have genes for fur color that produce pigment only when the outside temperature is above a certain level. This pigment production is an example of how the environment of organism can |
influence the expression of certain genes |
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Most of the hereditary information that determines the traits of an organisms is located in |
the nuclei of body cells of an individual |
|
Darwin observed in the Galapagos islands 14 distinct varieties of finches. Each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures. The 14 varieties of finches are most likely the result of |
biological evolution |
|
Charles darwin observed in the Galapagos islands 14 distinct varieties of finches. Each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures. The second sentence best describes |
a niche |
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Darwin observed in the Galapagos Islands 14 distinct varieties of finches. Each finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures. The different beak structures were most likely by |
selection for favorable variations |
|
Animals can not synthesize nutrients from inorganic raw materials. Therefore, animals obtain their nutrients |
consuming preformed organic compounds |
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The end-product of aerobic respiration are |
carbon dioxide and water |
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Which statement best explains why invertebrates regenerate lost tissue more readily than most vertebrates do? |
Invertebrate animals have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrate animals have. |
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Some weed killers, insecticides, and food additives alter the DNA of certain cells. Because of this effect, these substances are known as |
mutagens |
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Using special enzymes, scientists have successfully removed the gene that controls the production of interferon and have inserted this gene into the DNA of certain bacteria. These bacteria can now produce interferon. This technique is known as |
genetic engineering |
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What are the normal chromosome numbers of a sperm, egg, and zygote, respectively? |
monoploid, monoploid, diploid |
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A mutation may be passed on to future generations if it occurs within specialized cells of the |
ovary |
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Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? |
photosynthesis |
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The equation below represents a summary of a biological process: carbon dioxide + water ----- glucose + water + oxygen This process is completed in |
chloroplasts |
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By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells? |
respiration |
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Which occurs during the light reactions of photosynthesis? |
water molecules are split. |
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The synthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. This process uses energy supplied by |
ATP |
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A student is investigating the internal organs of an earthworm. Which piece of equipment should the student use to move the intestine aside without damaging it? |
a dissecting needle |
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Two primary agents of cellular communication are |
hormones and chemicals made by nerve cells |
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Chromosomes can be described as |
colled strands of genetic material |
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All life depends on the availability of usable energy. This energy is released when |
cells carry out the process of respiration |
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Which activity is illustrated of an ameoba shown below? |
ingestion |
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A chewing insect damages the vascular tissue of a plant stem. This damage will most directly affect the |
synthesis of auxins in the roots |
|
Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of cells in the stems of plants? |
They carry on respiration and exchange gases through lenticels. |
|
Leaves at the top of a giant redwood tree receive water from the |
vascular tissue in the branches, trunk, and roots. |
|
Gases move into intercellular spaces in leaves through openings known as |
stomates |
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The meristematic tissue layer responsible for growth in the diameter of a stem is known as the |
cambium |
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The mass of some corn plants at the end of their growth period was 6 tons per acre Most of this mass was produced from |
water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air |
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Which organelle in the cell represented below is the sire of autotrophic nutrition? |
chloroplasts |
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Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered these cells as |
simple sugars |
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Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell of a parent, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete? |
half as many |
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Which structure that is not found in a bacterial cell? |
golgi bodies |
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In the grasshopper and earthworm, the efficiency of food absorption is increased by the presence of |
infolds, which add surface area to the digestive tube |
|
The hydra and the amoeba are similar in that both organisms |
eliminate ammonia and carbon dioxide through the cell membrane. |
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The tracheal tubes of grasshoppers, the moist skin of earthworms, and the alveoli of humans are structural adaptations that aid in |
aerobic respiration |
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Which statement regarding respiration is correct? |
All living organisms carry out some form of respiration. |
|
The process of meiotic cell division in a human male usually forms |
four monoploid cells |
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Which type of model provides the most complete representation of the feeding relationships within a community? |
a food web |
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Which substance, acted on by A in the cycle, would most likely be included in the area labeled "wastes" |
urea |
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Which human activity would most likely have a positive impact on the environment? |
using parasites for biological control of pets to increase crop yields. |