Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
intergral proteins
|
transmembrane proteins
|
|
peripherarl proteins
|
outside the membrane and loosley attatched proteins.
|
|
6 functions of proteins
|
transport
enzyme activity cell-cell recognition signal transmition/reduction intercellular joining attatchment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. |
|
membrane carbohydrates
|
short/branched carbohydrates
|
|
glycolipids
|
covalently bonded carbohydrates to lipids found in the ECM`
|
|
glycoproteins
|
covalently bonded proteins to carbohydrates found in the ECM
|
|
Channel Proteins
|
hydrophilic chanel as tunnel through the membrane.
|
|
Aquaporins
|
transport polar H2O through the nonpolar membrane.
|
|
Carrier proteins
|
change shape to shuttle material across the membrane.
|
|
Translocates
|
the act of carrying a substance across a membrane.
|
|
Concentration Gradient
|
diffusion depends on the ____of each substance. the substance travels down its ____.
|
|
Tonicity
|
the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or loos H2O.
concentration of a solution that cannot cross the membrane. |
|
Isotonic
|
same H2O enviroment as a cells. water flows in both directions.
|
|
Hypertonic
|
More nonpenetrating solutes outside the cell than inside the cell causing more water to leave the cell and making the cell shrivel and possibly die. (increase of salinity?)
|
|
lyse
|
for a cell to burst.
|
|
Hypotonic
|
more water outside cell than inside cell = water enters faster than it leavs and may cause the cell to burst.
|
|
osmoregulation
|
for a cell to have control of water balance such as contractile vacuoles.
|
|
Flaccid
|
dehydrated plant cells
|
|
Turgid
|
firm, water filled plant cells.
|
|
Plasmolysis
|
plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when it is VERY dehydrated = causes wilting in plants.
|
|
Ion Channels
|
facilitated diffusion. needs a stimulus to open.
|
|
gated channels
|
stimulus causes them to open/close. electrical or chemical stimulus.
|
|
Sodium Potassium pump
|
exchanges sodium for potassium using ATP.
|
|
Membrane Potential
|
voltage across a membrane. negative cytoplasm, so Anions go into the cell and Caions go out of the cell. Chemical and electrical diffusion.
|
|
electrochemical gradient
|
chemical and electrical diffusion factor.
|
|
electrogenic pump
|
activly transports ions out of cell.
|
|
proton pump
|
actively transports H+ ions out of the cell to facilitate the diffusion of other molecules.
|
|
Co transport
|
coupled transport by membrane protein. pump across a membrane = does work as it diffuses back across.
|
|
Exocytosis
|
secreting macromolecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
|
|
Endocytosis
|
forming new vesicles from plasma membrane to bring substances into the cell.
|
|
Phagocytosis
|
"Cellular eating" = Endocytosis that makes a food vacole that then fuses with a digestive lysosome.
|
|
Pinocytosis
|
"Cellular Drinking" = Endocytosis in which extracellular fluid is enclosed in a vesticle. there is often an important solute in the fluid.
|
|
Receptor mediated Endocytosis
|
Endocytosis where a substance that is not very concentrated is caught by receptor proteins in the "pit" of a dent in the cell membrane. the inside of the new vesticle is coated with proteins.
|
|
Ligands
|
a general term for any molecule that binds specifically to receptor site of another molecule.
|