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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DSM Criteria for Specific Phobias
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Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation; exposure to the phobic stimulus provokes an immediate anxiety response; person recognizes that the fear is excessive; phobic situation is avoided or ended with intense anxiety; disrupts functioning or marked distress, before age 18, the duration is > 6 months
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Common types of specific phobias
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Blood-Injection-Injury (onset about 9 years old, 61% have family history)
Situational (enclosed places, claustrophobia, subways, airplanes, etc.) (onset early-mid twenties) Animal (onset peaks at age 7) Natural Environment, fear of events in nature (storms, heights, darkness) (peak about 7) Others-choking, vomiting, contracting an illness, loud noises (in some children) costume characters, often occurs after an incident Social Phobias-social performance situations, where they feel they're being judged, public speaking |
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DSM criteria for social phobias
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marked and persistent fear of social performance situations with unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others; fears that he or she will act in a humiliating or embarrassing way; exposure to feared situation provokes anxiety; recognizes fear is excessive or unreasonable; situations are avoided or endured with distress; avoidance or distress disrupts functioning
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prevalence of phobias
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about 11% and 13% of the general population meet lifetime diagnostic criteria for specific and social phobia respectively
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higher prevalence of social phobia among this gender
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women
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most phobias begin at this time
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in childhood and early adulthood and are chronic
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etiology of specific phobias (how they are acquired)
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classical conditioning; observational learning; biological preparedness
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etiology of social phobias (how they are acquired)
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prepared to fear angry, critical, or rejecting people
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treatment of phobias
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primarily psychological
systematic desensitization exposure (in vitro desensitization) graduated or flooding modeling |
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J Wolpe
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developed reciprocal inhibition
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reciprocal inhibition
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the notion that anxiety is inhibited by a feeling or response that is not compatible with a feeling of anxiety (if you're relaxed, you can't be anxious), heirarcy fo fears, in vivo vs. imaginal, progressive muscle relaxation
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