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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in individuals cognitions, emotions, or behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the psychological, biological or developmental processes underlying mental functioning? |
Mental illness |
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Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment in interfere with the individual social and occupational and physical functioning is called? |
Mental illness |
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Stressors often lead to? |
Anxiety |
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Who/what defines mental health? |
Culture |
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Healthy individuals reach what at the highest level of Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs? |
Self actualization |
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5 Steps of Maslow’s Hierarchy? |
Self actualization Esteem Love/belonging Safety Physiological |
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of unmet needs results in risk for what two possibilities? |
Physical illness Mental illness
(anxiety or depression, PTSD, physical illness, death) |
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In general adaption syndrome, what is the first stage of alarm response? |
Flight or fight response to stress |
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Characteristics of the body during fight or flight. (hormones, eyes, respiration, cardiac, G.I., liver, bladder, secretions) |
-Norepinephrine/epinephrine released -pupils dilate -respiration increases -CO, HR, BP, contraction ⬆️ -G.I. motility, secretions ⬇️ -glycogen/glucose breakdown -bladder contracts, ureter motility ⤴️, sphincter relax -sweat gland secretion ⤴️ |
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What kind of responses are used to adapt stress? |
Physiological |
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What is the second stage of General adaption syndrome? |
Resistance |
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What is the third stage of the general adaption syndrome? |
Stage of exhaustion |
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Exhaustion means what? |
Prolonged exposure to stressor, adaptive energy depleted |
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What happens if the stage of exhaustion is not reversed? |
Exhaustion and death |
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Diseases of adaption. |
Chronic headache Mental health disorders Coronary artery disease Ulcers Colitis |
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What is anxiety not? |
Fear |
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What are the four levels of anxiety? |
Mild Moderate Severe Panic |
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Perception is diminished, difficulty completing simple tasks, interferes with ADLs, physical symptoms is what type of anxiety? |
Severe |
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What are the emotional and behavioral symptoms of severe anxiety? |
Emotional symptoms: confusion,dread, horror Behavioral symptoms: agitation, withdrawn, denial, pacing, yelling, may want to flee |
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Severe anxiety=? |
Neurosis |
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Psychiatric disturbances, prolonged exposure to anxiety, expressed through unusual defense mechanism is called? |
Neurosis |
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Unusual defense mechanisms. |
Obsessions Compulsions Phobia Sexual dysfunction |
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Describe a person with severe anxiety: neurosis. (Aware vs not aware) |
-aware of neurosis -aware of maladaptive behaviors -unaware psychological causes -feels helpless to change -maintains contact with reality |
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Most extreme level of anxiety, unable to process events in environment, often loses contact with reality, accompanied by intense fear, may enter into a state of psychosis is called? |
Panic anxiety |
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Exhibits minimal distress: flat or inappropriate affect, unaware behavior as maladaptive, flight from reality into a more adaptable one, may lead to psychotic disorders is called? |
Psychosis (panic anxiety) |
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4 Causes of anxiety disorder. |
Genetics Brain chemistry Personality Life events |
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Women are at how many times more risk than men for anxiety? |
2x |
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Social influences for anxiety. |
-social alienation -lower socioeconomic regions -environmental threats |
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Psychosocial influences on anxiety. |
-Disturbances and mother/Child relationship -fear of abandonment -recent object loss -abuse -emotional neglect -violence -poverty |
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What triggers anxiety disorders? |
Trumatic events |
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What events threaten family integrity? |
Spousal or child abuse |
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Anxiety is linked to what medical conditions? |
-migraines -obstructive sleep apnea -mitral valve prolapse -irritable bowel syndrome -chronic fatigue syndrome -Premenstrual syndrome |
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Intense apprehension, terror, fear of impending doom or death, pain is called? |
Panic attacks |
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Unpredictable onset panic disorder usually happens what age? |
20s |
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Adults have three or more of which symptoms of general anxiety disorder GAD? |
Restlessness Easily fatigue Difficulty concentrating Irritability Muscle tension Sleep disturbance |
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“Inability to turn off my mind” resulting in lack of sleep is called? |
General anxiety |
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Symptoms of general anxiety disorder GAD. |
-Overwhelmed by tasks -Procrastination of behaviors -Seeks reassurance -Depressive symptoms -Somatic symptoms |
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Unconscious fears expressed symbolically is called? |
Phobia |
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Types of physical distress with exposure to phobic stimulus? |
Panic Palpitations Sweating Dizziness Difficulty breathing |
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Anxiety about a place or situation where escape may be difficult or embarrassing is called? |
Agoraphobia |
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A persistent, irrational fear of a situation in which the person may be exposed to unfamiliar people or scrutiny? |
Social anxiety |
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Recurrent & persistent thoughts, impulses or images? |
Obsessions |
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Repetitive/ritualistic behavior? |
Compulsion |
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Which recognizes thoughts are a product of his/her mind, Inability to control behavior? (Compulsion/Obsession) |
Obsessed |
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Which behavior is unrelated to the object causing anxiety, recognizes their action is unreasonable? (Obsession or compulsion) |
Compulsion |
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What relieves anxiety |
Compulsion |
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OCD is often a result of? |
Trauma |
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Exaggerated belief that the body is deformed is called? |
Body dysmorphic disorder |
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Re-current pulling out of one’s hair is called? |
Trichotillomania |
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Treatments for trichotillomania. |
Behavioral, Cognitive therapy Treatment of comorbidity |
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When ego development is delayed, what is perceived? |
Unsatisfactory parenting |
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Person unable to manage anxiety leads to what? |
Maladaptive behaviors to resolve conflicts (panic, GAD, OCD) |
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Fear of aggression from same gender parent displaced onto safer object: phobic stimulus is called what complex? |
Oedipal/Electra complex |
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1. A stressor creates fear. 2. Stressor is paired with harmless object. 3. Harmless object alone instills fear overtime. (which response is this?) |
Unconditioned response |
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In conditioned responses, how are OCD behaviors rewarded? |
By sense of control |
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In conditioned responses, how are phobic behaviors rewarded? |
By a sense of safety when avoiding the harmless object. |
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When children learn fear behaviors this is called? |
Modeling |
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What two things produce anxiety? |
-negative self statements -irrational beliefs |
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Which hormone causes hyper arousal and anxiety, increased levels found in anxiety disorders? |
Norepinephrine |
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Which hormone has a positive effect in OCD? |
Serotonin |
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Which hormone causes a relaxed state, decreases levels that lead to anxiety? |
GABA |
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Routine sessions with license professional, discusses concerns, insight oriented, increases clients logic is what? |
Individual psychotherapy |
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What is used to alter distorted perceptions? |
Education |
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Which therapy assists clients in modifying maladaptive or self obstructing behaviors, habit reversal, often used to treat phobias? |
Behavioral therapy |
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What involves imagery & then physical exposure to the stimulus & stages while using relaxation techniques? (Exposure to fear stimuli is gradual & progressive based upon client tolerance) |
Desensitization |
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Which therapy does not allow rewarding patterns of escape? |
Implosion therapy (flooding) |
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Which type of med is used for GAD? |
Antihypertensives |
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Which assessment tool is used for anxiety? |
Hamilton anxiety rating scale |
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Nursing interventions.
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Severe emotional shock resulting from tramatic event is called? |
Post dramatic stress disorder PTSD |
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Recurrent distressing memories, dreams, flashbacks, what type of disorder? |
Stress intrusion disorders |
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Which disorder has similar causes/symptoms of PTSD, experience causes intense fear, symptoms immediate last up to three days but no more than a month? |
Acute stress disorder ASD |
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When surroundings do not feel real? |
Derealization |
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When disconnected or detached from one’s body/thoughts? |
De-personalization |
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Inability to recall important aspects of an event? |
Dissociative amnesia |
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What reduces vividness of trauma & increases memory? |
Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing |
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A maladaptive reaction to a loss or life changes called what disorder? |
Adjustment disorder |
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Timeline for adjustment disorder is? |
3 months after stressor No more than 6 months |
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Symptoms of adjustment disorder. |
-defiant/impulsive behavior -nervous/tense -crying/overwhelming sadness -withdrawal -palpitations -trembling/twitching |
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What does the nurse offer/use in the therapeutic nurse client relationship? |
Offers use of self Uses communication techniques |
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Real felt physical symptoms without pathophysiological cause are called? |
Somatic symptoms |
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What is the possible cause of somatic symptoms? |
Repressed severe anxiety |
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Excessive thoughts about seriousness of symptoms, multiple trips to the doctor/hospital are part of what disorder? |
Somatic symptom disorder |
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Treatment thru what helps clients recall repressed memories and deal with the anxiety related to the memory? |
Hypnosis |
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Preoccupied with having or developing a serious illness? |
Illness anxiety disorder |
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Anticipation of harmful events to mentally prepare for or prevent them from happening is a symptom of what disorder? |
Illness anxiety disorder |
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Which disorder to clients or caregiver is intentionally fake illness? Driven by a need to be seen as ill or injured and order to receive emotional care and support offered to “sick” people. |
Factitious disorder |
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When client pretends to be sick or injured, may endure painful treatments for attention? |
Münchausen syndrome |
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The separation of something from something else or the state of being disconnected is called? (Alters one’s self awareness and effort to escape it upsetting event or feeling) |
Dissociative disorders |
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Unable to recall personal info caused by stress or trauma is called? |
Dissociative amnesia |
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Dissociative amnesia during fugue state. |
-leads a simple life -seeks little attention from others -significant distress in life functioning |
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When two or more identity/personalities control a clients behavior? |
Dissociative identity disorder DID |
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What is the ultimate goal? |
Healthy mind, soul, spirit. |