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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
worldview
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making sense of an experience in ways that link them meaningfully to the wider world
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ethnocentrism
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using the practices of your own people as a yard stick to measure how well the customs of different people
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subsistence strategy
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how a particular group goes about making their living
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participant observation
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gaining insight by taking part as fully as one can in a groups social activities as well as by observing
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cultural relativism
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interpret specific beliefs and practices
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ethnography
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a book written about a single culture or way of life
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ethnographic film
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film on the study of another culture
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informants
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people who share info about there way of life with anthropologists
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egalitarian
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all members of society have roughly equal access to valued resources
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field notes
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notes taken in the field
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bands
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small egalitarian societies that rely on foraging
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chiefdoms
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social arrangements show the emergence of distinctions between lineages in terms of status or ranking
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endogamy
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when a person is expected to marry within a defined social group
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exogamy
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when a person is expected to marry outside of a defined social group
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caste
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societies in which membership in a particular ranked subgroup is ascribed as birth
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bride service
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a perspective groom must work for the family of the bride for a predetermined amount of time before they may marry
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bridewealth
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certain important goods that are transferred from the immediate family of the groom to the family of the bride
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dowry
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a transfer of family wealth usually from parents to their daughter at the time of marriage
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hypergamy
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when a person of lower status marries someone of higher status their children then become of higher status
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polyandry
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a woman is married to more than one man at a time
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polygamy
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when a person may have more than one spouse
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polygyny
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when a man may have more than one wife
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patrilocal
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marriage partners live with or near the husbands father
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matrilocal
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marriage partners live with or near the wife's mother
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avunculocal
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marriage partners live with the husbands mothers brother (uncle)
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neolocal
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new partners set up an independent household at a place of their own choosing
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bilateral descent
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when people believe they are just as related to their fathers side of the family as their mothers
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animism
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religions based on belief in such things as souls or spirit beings
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polytheistic religions
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worship entities called gods
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dogma
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when the truth is is believed to obtain may not be questioned
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orthodoxy
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correct belief
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myths
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stories whose truth seems real because they do such a good job of integrating personal experiences with a wider set of assumptions
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ancestor spirits
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religions where ancestors are believed to maintain interest in the lives of their descendants even after death
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Shaman
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part time religious specialists commonly found in small scale communities
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potlatch
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gathering and redistribution of food to other members of a society
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leveling mechanisms
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things that shrink the gap between the rich and the poor
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what are the 3 stages in a rite of passage
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separation, transition, incorporation
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witchcraft
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performance of evil by human beings believed to possess an innate witchcraft substance that can be activated without the individuals awareness
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patrilineage
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lineage formed by father-child links
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matrilineage
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lineage formed by mother-child links
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emic data
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insider knowledge (participate in data)
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etic data
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outsider knowledge (chemistry, math)
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rapport
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trust between anthropologist and the people being studied
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syncretism
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combine elements of different religions
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pastoralism
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herders-degrees of mobility
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horticulture
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some domesticated plants, elaborate gardens using familial lands
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Deductive (etic)
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hypothesis followed by data collection
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inductive (emic)
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no hypothesis at the outset
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quantitative (deductive)
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numeric data for hypothesis testing
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qualitative (inductive)
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descriptive data for illuminating insights
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ideal behavior
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the peoples own understanding of the rules they share
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believed behavior
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what people honestly believe they are doing and how they are observing the rules
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actual behavior
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behaviors that can be directly observed
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general-purpose money
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standardized value (U.S dollar, Euro)
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special-purpose money
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not cash/coins but instead objects of value (Onka's big Moka)
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sorcery
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the use of magic for harm
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