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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Epistemology
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theory of knowledge, ways of knowing and learning, epistemology leads to ontology
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Ontology
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way of seeing the world and recognition we might see the world differently
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Ethnographic methods include:
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observation, rapport building, participant observation, interviewing, geneologies, work with key consultants, life histories, and longitudinal research
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What is the etic perspective?
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scientific; outsider's view
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Emic perspective
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Insiders view; native perspective
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Ethnology
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The study of the characteristics of various peoples and the differences and relationships among them.
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Anthropology
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study of humankind and societies
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Linguistic Anthropology
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-study of language and culture
-evolution of language, forms of communication, representation |
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Archaeology
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-study of past people and societies
-material culture, environment history, architecture and landscapes |
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Biological Anthropology
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human adaptation, variation in humans, human origin and evolution, primate studies
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Cultural Anthropology
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Variation in patterns, social organization, interaction, adaptation to social change
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Ethnography
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collecting data from smaller/local settings
sets anthropology apart by studying everything holistically |
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What are 3 types of interviews?
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Unstructured, semi-structured, questionnaires
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Evolutionism
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idea that humans are culturally evolving in same direction (euro centered view of human diversity, if third country its bc they are behind us)
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Boasians and historical particularism
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Franz Boas (Father of anthropology) challenged idea of evolutionism/ universalism vs. particularism
*idea that histories are not comparable; diverse paths can lead to the same cultural result |
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Functionalism
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idea that every cultural practice or behavior serves a particular function
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Neoevolutionism
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alternative argument to evolutionism/ idea that there are multiple lines of evolution not just one path
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Cultural materialism
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finding material explanation for why people do things they do
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Characteristics of Human Culture
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:shared, learned, symbolic, nature, group and individual, integrated, holistic
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Franz Boas (1858-1942)
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Father of American anthropology and four field anthropology
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Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)
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British Social Anthropology
“Father of ethnography” *Functionalism All customs and institutions are interrelated and integrated “Needs” functionalism- everyone across all societies have biological needs that can be fulfilled through diff cultural practices |
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Margaret Mead (1901-1978)
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Student of Boas
Adolescence and sexuality in Samoa- thought American women were sexually oppressed *nature vs nurture |
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Enculturation
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process by which a child learns culture; vertical transmission
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Acculturation
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learned and re-learned throughout life (horizontal transmission)
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Essentialism
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Viewing identities as innate, uniform, or unchanging stereotypes
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Ethnocentrism
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viewing one's own culture as superior
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Cultural Relativism
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states that it is not appropriate to use outside standards to judge behavior in a given society
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Mechanisms of cultural change
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cultural diffusion; spreading or combining ideas
acculturation; homoganized groups independent invention |
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Linguistic Anthropology studies..
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language and form
language and meaning language and context |
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4 Communication styles humans and primates share
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transmission: teaching
productivity: create new words and ideas displacement: knowing time lies and humor (humans have grammar and syntax) |
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Environmentalist perspective
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humans have a generalized intelligence, blank slate; have to learn as we grow
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Innatist perspective
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Humans have a specialized intelligence
Pre-programmed to learn language and culture fills in |
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Sapir-whorf hypothesis
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Language constrains thought and culture
modern interpretation: language affects thought, culture, and thought and culture affect language |
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Gender roles
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tasks and activities that a certain gender does
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Gender stereotypes
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oversimplified ideas about characteristics of sexes
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Gender stratification
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unequal distribution of rewards
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Gender identities
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sexuality, work roles, ritual roles, gender stratification, age
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