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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What happened to the Ancestral Puebloan peoples living in Mesa Verde communities after AD 1300? |
They moved south and east and took up residence in Chaco communities and around the Rio Grande. |
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Accumulating evidence indicates that the first farming communities in the American Southwest were likely settled by |
Uto-Aztecan speakers expanding northward out of Mexico |
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Which of the following is the most likely ecological reason for the adoption of agriculture in the Southwest and Northern Mexico? |
Agriculture initially buffered the risk of poor hunting and gathering returns in unstable environments. |
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Which of the following is NOT part of the “Upper Sonoran Agricultural Complex”? |
Manioc |
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Based on evidence obtained using dendrochronology, which of the following do we know began to plague the Southwest farmers after 1150 CE? |
Periodic droughts |
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Which of the following Archaic cultures formed the foundation for the Ancestral Pueblo tradition? |
Oshara (Basketmaker) |
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Which of the following BEST describes why the Navajo and Apache were able to move into and be successful in areas that were largely abandoned by previous farmers? |
they possessed hunter-gatherers adaptations that were better suited to current environmental conditions |
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Why was the construction of irrigation systems in the deserts of the Greater Southwest by the Hohokam culture not as difficult and unlikely as it may seem? |
canals can be dug from fast-flowing rivers using only baskets and digging sticks with gravity as a guide |
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Trade goods from Mesoamerica were brought north to Chaco in exchange for what item from the Greater Southwest? A) maize |
Turquoise |
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Early Mogollon villages were typically located ______________, presumably for _____________. |
on hilltops and bluffs; defensive purposes |
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_______________ culture - the best known of the formative cultures of later Mesoamerican societies - provided the basis for the elaborate calendrical systems of the Maya. |
Olmec |
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Teotihuacan became the greatest urban center in the Basin of Mexico after much of the infrastructure of the city of Cuicuilco was destroyed by _______________. |
several volcanic eruptions |
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Which of the following best describes the gallery of danzantes at Monte Alban? |
a depiction of dozens of sacrificial victims |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the principle architectural feature of Teotihuacan? |
Temple of the Inscriptions |
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The foundation for the development of the first complex societies in North American was provided by the domestication of plants in Mesoamerica, especially maize and _________. |
beans |
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The politically dominant ethnic group in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Classic Period was the ________________. |
Zapotecs |
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The collapse of Copan and other classic Mayan ceremonial centers is most likely due to changes resulting from _________________. |
unpredictable variations in precipitation and temperature |
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All of the following are Olmec traits that are major themes in later Mesoamerican cultures EXCEPT: |
elaborate written music |
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Which of the following was NOT a center of the Classic Maya? |
Teotihuacan |
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Which of the following is NOT true about our knowledge of the the ball games played in Mesoamerica? |
Absolutely nothing is known about the rules of the game or how it was actually played. |
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Approximately how many Gods were likely recognized by the Aztecs as part of their religious practice (maximum number inventoried so far)? |
100+ - gods for almost every aspect of daily-life |
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Which of the following best describes the Aztec “flowery wars”? |
staged opportunities for warriors to gain prestige and take captives for sacrifice |
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Which of the following best describes the fate of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan? |
It was deliberately destroyed by the Spanish and buried under rubble until discovered in 1978.
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As the result of ______________________________, only 13 of the countless books created by Aztec scribes are known to have survived to the present day. |
the efforts of the Spanish to systematically eradicate non-Christian texts |
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____________was a confederacy of four small city-states that existed completely surrounded by the Aztec Empire, but that was unable to be conquered. |
Tlaxcala |
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An "atlatl" can best be described as __________________. |
a spear thrower |
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___________, the capital of the Toltec Empire, was probably initially founded around 700CE. |
Tula |
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The two main island cities at the heart of the Aztec empire were ___________ and ______________. |
Tlatelolco and Tenochtitlan |
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The _________________ was a unique and short-lived expansion of Maya chiefdoms on the Yucatan peninsula due to the introduction of new water storage technology and the influx of ideas and immigrants from other parts of Mesoamerica |
Puuc phenomenon |
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The pochteca can be best described as ________________. |
Aztec long-distance traders |
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All of the following are characteristics of chiefdoms EXCEPT that ___________. |
they are very stable and often last for a very long time |
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In the Mississippian region, an important non-agricultural source of protein was provided by ______________. |
Fish |
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The largest single earthen mound north of Mesoamerica is Monks' Mound at the site of __________________. |
Cahokia |
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A "charnel house" can be best described as ______________. |
a mortuary structure designed to hold the remains of distinguished ancestors |
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The selection of marriages according to the Natchez rank system resulted in____________________. |
slow upward social mobility of commoners over the course of generations |
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Mississippian polities with large platform mound, chiefdom centers arose in the Eastern Woodlands ___________. |
after Mesoamerican maize was added to the regional diet |
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The loose set of symbolically charged symbols and artifacts found at Mississippian sites is known as the __________. |
Southeastern Ceremonial Complex |
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All of the following are true of the "vacant quarter" EXCEPT that _______________. |
the area was rapidly depopulated by a flu epidemic |
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How can we tell that Mississippian people were eating more maize than people that came before them? |
human remains have elevated levels of Carbon-13 in their bones and exhibit poor dental health |
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Which of the following occurred at the Spiro site in the 1930s and has hindered our ability to make reliable conclusions about the role of the town in relations between Mesoamerica and the Eastern Woodlands? |
the Pocola Mining Company looted the site and removed thousands of artifacts |
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Which of the following is the major assumption underlying the in situ hypothesis as posed by James Griffin? |
migration is rare and has to be supported by strong evidence before it can be inferred |
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During the Medieval Maximum the boundary at which 120 frost free days occur annually shifted further _____________. |
North |
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Why did maize not become a staple crop for all Eastern Algonquians living along the Atlantic coast? |
maize farming was not needed where fishing, shellfishing, and other forms of hunting and gathering were highly productive
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Which of the following directly resulted in the displacement of Northern Iroquoian swidden farmers ? |
out-competition by European colonists using domestic draft animals |
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In general, the onset of epidemics in the American Northeast and Midwest was delayed by _______________. |
the absence of European children who carried the germs that Native Americans lacked immunity towards |
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Algonquian rock art emphasizes imagery of _________________ |
transformation and sexuality |
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Which of the following led to the development of the Iroquoian longhouse?
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strong matrilineal organization and matrilocal postmarital residence |
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What characterizes graves at the Norris Farm site in western Illinois? |
widespread skeletal trauma and evidence of violence, suggesting endemic warfare |
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Which of the following best describes the League of the Iroquois? |
a weak political alliance that existed primarily for mutual defense, occasional military offense, and coping with European colonial expansion |