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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 sub fields of anthropology |
Physical, archaeology, linguistic, and cultural/ethnology |
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Physical anthropology |
Concerned with humans as biological beings |
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Linguistic |
Study of language and culture |
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Archaeology |
Examine the material traces of past societies |
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Ethnology |
Studies contemporary society and culture |
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Artifacts |
Material traces from the past |
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Live with other groups to understand their culture |
Participant observation |
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Holistic about anthropology |
Combines the biological and cultural phenomena |
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Ethnocentrism |
Judging another society by the values and standards of your own |
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Cultural relativity |
Must be understood within the context of their problems, practices, and values |
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Inductive |
General explanations based on specific observations |
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Deductive |
Begins with theory to develop hypothesis |
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Fossil |
Remains of bones and living material |
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Acquired characteristics |
Advantageous characteristics give more chance to survive so they produce more offspring |
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Natural selection |
Genetic change in a population over time from reproductive success |
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Mutation |
Change in genetic material at a cellular level |
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Genetic drift |
Evolutionary change from random sampling phenomena that eliminates or maintains curtain traits from one generation to another |
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Founder effect |
Type of genetic drift when only a small number of individuals in a population pass on their genes |
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Gene flow |
Exchange of alleles where new genetic material may be introduced |
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Species |
Groups of organisms with similar physical characteristics that can be potentially interbred |
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Punctuated equilibrium |
Theory of evolution that species remain relatively stable with major changes and new species arising rapidly as a result of mutations or changes in elective pressures |
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Primate |
Diverse group of animals such as humans, monkeys, prosimians, and apes |
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Characteristics of primates |
Large brain, keen vision, dexterous hands, generalized skeleton |
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Who studies primates |
Primatologists |
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Taxonomy |
Science of classification |
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Physica adaptations of primates |
Depth perception, opposable thumbs, 3-D vision, dentition. (Teeth), complex brain |
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Prosimian |
First true primates |
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Where does lemur live |
Madagascar |
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New world monkeys |
Prehensile tails from Americas |
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Old world monkeys |
from Europe, Asia |
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Sexual dimorphism |
Differences between males and females in a species |
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Lucy |
Earliest most complete fossil chimpanzee head human body |
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Measure of success under natural selection |
How many offspring you produce |
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Dominate sense in primates |
Vision |
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Which subfield is concerned with reconstruction of past cultural systems |
Cultural anthropology |
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Advocates the superiority of certain races and inferiority of others |
Racism |
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Earliest primate fossil record |
55 million years |
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Social groups of primates |
Troops |
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Earliest members of genus homo were placed there because of their |
Large brain |
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Primate evolution has produced some morphological characteristics that represent __________ or life in the trees |
Arboreal |
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Speciation occurs when |
Portion of a species becomes reproductively isolated from the rest |
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Earliest and most important trend in hominid evolution |
Bipedalism |
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Basic laws of inheritance can be traced to |
Mendel |
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Earliest well established hominid fossils are placed in this genus |
Homo |
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Earliest primate appear in fossil record during the ____________ |
Eocene |
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Proposed explanation for some natural phenomena is called a __________ |
Theory |
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Science is ___________ |
Method of inquiry |
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Scientists speculate that the first mammals related to the primates appeared during the Paleocene about __________ years ago |
65 million |
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Paleoanthropologists stidy |
Fossils from early human history |
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Grooming in primates is primarily a __________ activity |
Social |
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Gorillas use an unusual quadrupedal form of locomotion called |
Knuckle walking |
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Which subfield is concerned with explaining the behavior variation among human societies |
Cultural anthropology |
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Use of anthropological data to offer practical solutions to problems is called ______________ |
Applied anthropology |
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Name of person who made system to classify living things is |
Linnaeus |