Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anthropology |
the study of humankind in all times and places
|
|
4 Subfields of Anthropology
|
Archeology, Biological Anthro, Cultural Anthro, and Linguistic Anthro
|
|
Archaeology
|
the study of human cultures through the analysis of material remains and environmental data.
|
|
Biological Anthropology
|
the study of humans as biological organisms
|
|
Cultural Anthropology
|
Social or sociocultural; the study of patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. Focuses on humans as a culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures 2 PARTS OF CULTURAL ANTHRO: Ethnography and Enthology
|
|
Linguistic Anthropology
|
the study of human languages, looking at their structure, history, and/or relation to social and cultural contexts.
|
|
Ethnography
|
The task of discovering and describing a particular Culture OR a detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork
|
|
Participant Observer
|
In ethnography, the technique of learning a person's culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied, as well as interviews and discussion with individual members of the group over a long time.
|
|
Informant
|
a person who teaches his or her culture to an anthropologist
|
|
Ethnocentrism
|
A mixture of belief and feeling that one’s own way of life is desirable and actually superior to others’
|
|
Cultural Relativism
|
the idea that one must suspend judgment of other people’s practices in order to understand them in their own cultural terms
|
|
Tacit Culture
|
Cultural knowledge that people lack words for
|
|
Explicit Culture
|
Cultural knowledge that people can talk about.
|
|
Culture Shock
|
a state of anxiety that results from cross-cultural misunderstanding.
|
|
Naïve Realism
|
the belief that people everywhere see the world in the same way. E.i. dogs are treasured and loved in US. Pest in India.
|
|
Nacirema
|
PAGE 287
|
|
Culture
|
A society's shared ideas, values, and perceptions, which are use to make sense of experience and which generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior.
|
|
Nature
|
ask somebody
|
|
Artifact
|
ask somebody
|
|
Language vs. Speech
|
ask somebody
|
|
Symbol
|
a sign, sound, emblem, or other thing that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represents it in a meaningful way
|
|
Phoneme
|
the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in meaning in a language.
|
|
Morpheme
|
the smallest unit of sound that carries a meaning in language. It is distinctive from a phoneme, which can alter meaning but has no meaning by itself
|
|
Syntax
|
the patterns of rules by which morphemes are arranged into phrases and sentences.
|
|
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
|
principle that the structure of a language affects the ways in which its respective speakers conceptualize their world, i.e. their world view, or otherwise influences their cognitive processes
|
|
Code Switching
|
changing from one level of language to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another.
|
|
Class
|
system of stratification defined by unequal access to economic resources and prestige, but permitting individuals to alter their rank
|
|
Caste
|
A form of stratification defined by unequal access to economic resources and prestige, which it acquired at birth and doesn’t permit individuals to alter their rank.
|
|
!Kung
|
sharing nomadic people in Kalahari Desert/Hunter-Gatherers
|
|
Kinship
|
complex system of social relationships based on marriage (affinity) and birth (consanguinity)
|
|
Affinity
|
a fundamental principle of relationship linking kin through marriage
|
|
Consanguinity
|
the principle of relationship linking individuals by shared ancestry (blood)
|
|
Incest – Taboo
|
the cultural rule that prohibits sexual intercourse and marriage between specified classes of relatives
|
|
Walking Marriage
|
practiced in China by the Mosou where no one is truly married to one person, but multiple partners of love
|
|
Endogamous
|
marriage within a designated social unit
|
|
Exogamous
|
marriage outside any designated group
|
|
Polygyny
|
form of polygamy in which a man is married to two or more women at one time.
|
|
Polyandry
|
A form of polygamy in which a woman has two or more husbands at one time.
|
|
Polygamy
|
a marriage form in which a person has two or more spouses at one time. Polygyny and polyandry are both forms of polygamy
|
|
Matrilineal
|
rule of descent relating a person to a group of consanguine kin on the basis of descent through females only.
|
|
Patrilineal
|
rule of descent relating a person to a group of consanguine kin on the basis of descent through males only.
|
|
Bilineal
|
both mother and father’s sides count as family
|
|
Patrilocal
|
married couple resides with husband’s parents
|
|
Matrilocal
|
married couple resides with wife’s parents
|
|
Mosuo
|
matriarchal society in China
|
|
Kalahari Desert
|
!Kung people live here
|
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunt and gather food from wild
|
|
Horticulture
|
kind of subsistence strategy involving semi-intensive, usually shifting, agricultural practices. Slash-and-burn farming is a common example of horticulture.
|
|
Slash and Burn
|
form of horticulture in which wild land is cleared and burned over, farmed, then permitted to lie fallow and revert to its wild state
|
|
Pastoralism
|
a subsistence strategy based on the maintenance and use of large herds of animals.
|
|
Agriculture
|
subsistence strategy involving intensive farming of permanent fields through the use of such means as the plow, irrigation, and fertilizer.
|
|
Industrialism
|
a subsistence strategy marked by intensive, mechanized food production and elaborate distribution networks
|
|
Subsistence Strategy
|
strategies used by groups of people to exploit their environment for material necessities. Hunting and gathering, horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture, and industrialism
|
|
Reciprocity
|
The exchange of goods and services, of approx.. equal value, between two parties
|
|
Redistribution
|
a form of exchange in which goods flow into a central place, where they are sorted, counted, and reallocated
|
|
Market Economy
|
Economies in which production and exchange are motivated by market factors: price, supply, and demand.
|
|
GPB
|
Georgia Public Broadcasting |