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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mana
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Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions
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Relgion
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System of meaning and belief concerned with the supernatural: forces, powers, being
Interested in how religion (1) influences social organization, and (2) relieves anxiety |
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Ritual
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Behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders.
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Myths
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Sacred narrative explaining how the world and humankind assumed their present form
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Taboo
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Act set apart as scared/off limits to ordinary people; supernatural punishment
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Reciprocity
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Principle of exchange; major mode of exchange in band/tribal societies
Generalized: give something and expect nothing in return (personal relationship) Balanced: give something, and expect something in return, eventually Negative: attempt to get something for as little as possible |
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Culture
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An integrated system of meanings, values, and patterns of behavior with which a specific group of people live and apprehend the world around them, and which is transmitted through the generations through socialization
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Expressive Culture
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The arts, or human creativity, which includes dance, music, painting, sculpture, pottery, stories, drama, etc.
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Enculturation
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Way by which culture is learned and transmitted through time and generations; can be learned explicitly or unconsciously
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Acculturation
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The exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous contact; cultures of either group can change
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World System
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Macro-view that whole world is unit of analysis; social patterns based on wealth and power differentials that transcend countries; core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries
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First World
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Western, democratic, and capitalistic countries; connoted with highly developed
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Second World
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Former socialist states that were within the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (Eastern Europe, Asia); also countries that are between poverty and prosperity
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Third World
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Countries that were not aligned during the Cold War; today, the less developed countries, many of which are in Latin America and Africa
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Fourth World
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Sub-populations that are socially excluded from global society; tend to have living standards of third world
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Core
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Countries that are in dominant structural positions in the world system; are strongest and most powerful states with advanced systems of production
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Periphery
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Countries that are in the weakest structural positions in the world system; are poor, less developed economically, and dependent on a few economic activities
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Imperialism
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A global system of capitalist expansion and exploitation, with a central empire; home country benefits at the expense of dominated countries
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Franchise Colonialism
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Political and social domination of a culturally unrelated group from a distant territory; generally to acquire natural resources
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Settler Colonialism
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A permanent structure of invasion focused on usurp[ing indigenous land rights
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Diaspora
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The offspring of an area who have spread to many lands
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Indingenous
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Original inhabitants of a particular area
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Marginalization
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Process by which peoples/cultures are put into a powerless/diminished position
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Fieldwork
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Research by spending time (life-long commitment) with a community to learn its culture and characteristics; problems:
- unequal power dynamics - mutual stereotyping - studying in the face of forming trust - contributing to the culture (ethics) |
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Ethnography
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A descriptive account of a culture's way of life; also explains why
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Participant Observation
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Data collection by gaining familiarity with a group of people
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Applied Anthropology
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The application of anthropological data, perspective, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems
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Development
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Branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in economic development
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Emic
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Features or items analyzed with respect to their role as structural units in a system; local explanations
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Etic
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Features or items analyzed without considering role as structural unit in a system; objective perspective
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Ethnocentrism
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Tendency to view one's own culture as superior and compare/pass judgement on another culture
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Modernity
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The way in which the products of a consumer society extend via a capitalist system; breakdown of community-based society
Historical: break from traditional feudal societies, change and innovation in social organization Processes: - individualization - secularization - urbanization - industrialization - bureaucracy - rationalization |
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Foucault
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Theorized about power and knowledge and how they are used as a form of social control
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Normativity
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Relating to an ideal standard or model; conformity in the context of discipline
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