Ankles & Foot Joints

Front 1

ankle joint

"true ankle joint"

Back 1

• "true ankle joint"/talocrural/talotibial
  
• formed by the articulation of the distal end & medial malleolus of the tibia & the lateral malleolus of fibular with the talus
• uniaxial joint that is triplanar (motion around an obliquely oriented axis that passes through all three planes)

Front 2

subtalar joint

(talocalcaneal joint)

Back 2

formed by the articulation of the talus with the calcaneus

Front 3

transverse tarsal joint

(midtarsal joint)

Back 3

formed by the articulation of the talus & calcaneus with the navicular & cuboid

Front 4

tarsometatarsal joint

Back 4

any of the three joints between the tarsal & metatarsal bones

• medial joint: between the 1st cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
• intermediate joint: between the 2nd & 3rd cuneiforms & corresponding metatarsals
• lateral joint: between the cuboid and 4th & 5th metatarsals

Front 5

superior tibiofibular joint

Back 5

• formed by the articulation of the head of the fibula with the posterior lateral tibia
  
• a small gliding motion occurs here

Front 6

inferior tibiofibular joint

Back 6

• formed by the articulation of the distal tibia with the distal fibula
• much of the strength of the ankle joint depends on the strength of the union of this joint

Front 7

foot joints

Back 7

• metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints
• interphalangeal (IP) joint [great toe]
  
• proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints [toes 2-5]
• distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint [toes 2-5]

Front 8

osteokinematics:

"true ankle joint"

(talocrural/talotibial)

Back 8

has 1 degree of freedom: dorsiflexion & plantar flexion occur in the sagittal plane

Front 9

osteokinematics:

• subtalar joint (talocalcaneal)
• transverse tarsal joint (midtarsal)

Back 9

have 1 degree of freedom:

inversion & eversion occur in the frontal plane

Front 10

osteokinematics:

toe MTP joints

Back 10

have 2 degrees of freedom:

1. flexion & extension occur in the sagittal plane
   
2. abduction & adduction occur in the frontal plane

Front 11

osteokinematics:

toe IP joints

Back 11

have 1 degree of freedom:

flexion & extension occur in the sagittal plane

Front 12

valgus

Back 12

the distal end of a bone of a joint is turned away from the midline of the body

Front 13

varus

Back 13

the most distal end of a bone of a joint is turned toward the midline of the body

Front 14

coxa valgus & varus

Back 14

Front 15

genu valgus & varus

(knock-knees & bowlegged)

Back 15

Front 16

talipes valgus & varus

Back 16

Front 17

calcaneal valgus & varus

Back 17

Front 18

hallux valgus

Back 18

Front 19

supination of the foot

Back 19

combination of plantar flexion, inversion & adduction

Front 20

pronation of the foot

Back 20

combination of dorsiflexion, eversion & abduction

Front 21

pes planus

Back 21

• "flat foot"
• loss of the medial longitudinal arch
• low arch w/ feet that are pronated

Front 22

pes cavus

Back 22

• hollow foot
  
• refers to an abnormally high medial longitudinal arch
  
• high arch w/ feet that are supinated