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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gradient |
A difference between two points, they are a form of energy storage in the form of potential energy; they can be chemical, electrical or both |
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Diffusion |
Molecules disperse randomly in the available space; this govern many biological processes, it leads to random distribution of molecules & it is a source of energy |
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Delay |
Organisms invest energy to ___ diffusion |
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Direction |
This depends on the concentration gradient |
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Rate |
This depends on many factors like: size of concentration gradient, size of molecule and hydration shell, diffusion coefficient, & diffusion area |
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Fick Equation |
This equation takes into account all the factors that affect rate of diffusion and allows us to calculate it |
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Semi-permeable membrane |
This allows some molecules to cross while blocking or restricting others |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water |
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Osmotic pressure |
This is the force associated with the diffusion of water |
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Osmolarity |
This is the ability of solution to induce water to diffuse across a membrane, it is determined by the concentration of dissolved particles |
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Hyperosmotic |
A solution with higher osmolarity than another |
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Hyposmotic |
A solution with lower osmolarity than another |
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Isosmotic |
When two solutions have they same osmolaity as each other |
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Tonicity |
This is the effect of a solution on cell volume |
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Hypertonic solutions |
These cause cells to shrink, as water leaves the cell via diffusion |
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Hypotonic solutions |
These cause cells to swell, as water enters the cell via diffusion |
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Isotonic solutions |
In these there is no net osmosis, and cells go unchanged |
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Molar |
Brackets [ ] denote this type of concentration |
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7 |
Pure water has this pH to it, this is neutral |
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Neutrality |
This is affected by temperature, the amount of ions dissociating increases with temperature, pH at this varies inversely with temperature |
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Acids |
They release protons, lowering pH |
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Bases |
They accept protons, raising pH |
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pK |
Reflects the strength of acids or bases |
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Buffer |
A solution that dampens the effect of added acid or base on the pH, most are weak acids, they only work on a narrow range of pH values |