Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chyme
|
partially digested mass of food. Goes from stomach into the small intestine.
|
|
ileum
|
The last of three sections of the small intestine primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients and water
|
|
Bile
|
A mixture of substances produced by the liver and stored in the gallblatter. Contains no digestive enzymes, but bile salts, which aid in digestion and absoption of fats
|
|
Small intestine and sections
|
Organ where vast majority of chemical disgestion and absoption of biomolecules takes place. 3 areas: duodenum (1st), jejunum (2nd), ileum. More thn 6ft long
|
|
duodenum
|
The first section of the small intestine, where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and gland cells of the intestinal wall
|
|
pyloric sphincter
|
a thick band of muscles at the end of the stomach (pylorus). muscle that regulates the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
|
|
CCK (cholecystikinin)
|
a hormone released by small intestine cells in the duodenum. Stimulates the release of amylas, lipas, and bile. CCK is released due to fat-digestion products. Controls the negative feedback loop for fat breakdown
|
|
Extracellular disgestion
|
The breakdown of food outside cells - occurs in most animals
|
|
Secretin definition
|
a hormone that stimulates the release of biocarbonate ions from the pancreas if too much cyme enter the duodenum at once.
|
|
Secretin controls...
|
negative feedback loop for pH control of chyme
|
|
Gastrin defintion
|
a hormone that stimulates the release of HCL and pepsinogen to further breakdown protein and amino acids in the stomach before they enter the duodenum
|
|
Gastrin controls...
|
the negative feedback loop for protein breakdown
|
|
villi
|
large circular folds that protude into the interior of the intestine. made up of epithelial cells
|
|
microvilli
|
microscopic appendages of a villus cell that are exposed to the intestinal lumen. increases surface area and is an adaption that increastes the rate of nutritional absorption
|
|
large intestine
|
also known as the colon. main job is to reabsorb water and salts.
|
|
chylomicrons
|
Small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed with cholesterol and coated with special proteins
|
|
What are the 3 sets of salivary glands in humans?
|
parotid (below ear), submaxillary (below the upper jaw), and sublingual (below the tongue)
|
|
Intracellular digestion
|
The joining of food vacuoles and lysosome to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell
|
|
Pepsinogen
|
The inactivated form of pepsin produced by specialized cells called chief cells located in gastric pits. Converted to pepsin in the lumen of the stomach.
|
|
gastrovascular cavities
|
An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body. In animals with simple body plans: hydras, Paramecium
|
|
bolus
|
a lubricated ball of chewed food
|
|
chyme
|
A partially digested mass of food that enters the small intestine
|
|
Saliva: definition, contains
|
a fluid rich in ions and containing some enzymes that assist in wetting and lubricating food particles. Contains salivary amylase, an enymze that hydrolzyes starch
|
|
Saliva: definition,
|
a fluid rich in ions and containing some enzymes that assist in wetting and lubricating food particles. Contains salivary amylas, an enyze that hydrolzyes starch
|
|
Gastric Juice
|
a mixture of mucus, HCL, and pesinogen that are secreted by the epithelium tissues in the stomach
|
|
Pepsin
|
an enzyme that begins the hydrolysis of protein by splitting the polypeptide chains of proteins into smaller units
|
|
lacteals
|
A tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons
|
|
emulsification
|
The process that keeps tiny fat droplets from coalescing. performed by bile salts. permitts fat to pass directly into intestinal cells and into the bloodstream
|
|
gastrovascular cavity
|
An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body
|