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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define analgesia.
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Absence of the awareness of pain, relief of pain without loss of consciousness.
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What are the best analgesics?
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Opioids (narcotics) such as Morphine, hydromorphone, Butophanol, Fentanyl
Buprenorphine/Buprnex is what is used at Bel-Rea |
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What is pre-emptive analgesia?
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Analgesia that prevents pain before it starts.
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What is the purpose of pre-emptive analgesia?
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-If you treat pain before it begins, you may be able to better control pain.
-May also be able to use less General Anesthetic later -Buprenorphine is one of the PA's (pre-anesthetic) used at Bel-Rea |
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Define anesthesia.
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loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body
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What are local anesthetics?
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- end in -caine
such as Lidocaine, Mipivacaine, Bupivacaine, Tetracaine -good for pain control |
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Define local anesthesia.
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Use of a chemical agent on peripheral sensory nerves to produce disruption of nerve impulse transmission.
-Leads to temporary loss of sensation of local area -No sedation -Sometimes used with general anesthesia to enhance pain to enhance pain control post-op and decrease amount of General Anesthetic |
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Define general anesthesia.
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-CNS depression (loss of consciousness)
-Analgesia-absence of pain perception -Amnesia-absence of memory -Muscle relaxation (absence of motor response to stimuli, absence of reflexes) -All of these combine to produce a state that is sufficient to perform surgical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures - |
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Define regional anesthesia.
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Local anesthetic injected into a major nerve plexus or close to the spinal cord (such as in an epidural).
-Blocks nerve impulses to and from a large area (entire limb, caudal part of body) -loss of sensation and motor function |
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What is dissociative anesthesia?
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-Disruption of nerve conduction pathways
-CNS *** stimulant*** -Scrambles pathways -Trance-like anesthesia -animal will look conscious, eyes open and forward |
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Define catalepsy.
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Malleable rigidity- body is rigid but pliable.
Ketamine is a drug that induces this. |
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Define balanced anesthesia.
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Several agents used in combination, based on concept that administration of a mixture of small amounts of several anesthetic agents increases the advantages but not the disadvantages.
-Safer, especially with sick animals. -Helps give the right amount of anesthesia appropriate for the patient |
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Define sedation/sedatives.
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-State of relaxation, decreased anxiety
-Causes sleepiness -Pt is conscious but calm, -Pt can be aroused with sufficient stimuli Sedatives with analgesia- -Xylazine/Rompun -Metomadine/Dex, Domitor -May or may not have analgesia |
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Define tranquilizer/tranquilization.
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-State of relaxation, decreased anxiety
-Less sleepy compared to sedatives -Reluctant to move -awake but unconcerned with surroundings -Can be aroused w/sufficient stimuli -NO ANALGESIA -May not respond to minor pain even though there is no analgesia |
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Define neuroleptanalgesia
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Combination of sedative/tranquilizer with an opioid which causes profound sedation and analgesia.
-combination of meds increases the effects of each -hypnotic state-->trance-like sleep -Pt can be aroused with sufficient stimuli |
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Define agonist.
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Drug that produces its effect by interacting with a specific receptor in the brain or on spinal cord.
-Fentanyl binds to Mu receptors -Xylazine binds to Alpha 2 receptors |
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Define antagonist
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Drug that occupies a specific receptor with little or no effect
-"kicks off" the agonist drug and binds to same receptor, stopping the effects of the agonist. *REVERSAL DRUG Ex: -Nalaxone/Narcan is opioid antagonist -Yohimbine is alpha 2 antagonist |
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What are the properties of Propofol (Dipravan, Rapinovet)?
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Short-acting hypnotic that is unrelated to other general anesthetics with a mechanism of action that is not well understood.
-Produces a rapid and smooth anesthetic in dogs when given SLOWLY by IV. -Produces sedation, restraint, or unconsciousness-depending on the dose. -A single bolus lasts 2-5 minutes, which is good when rapid recovery is necessary. -Apnea may occur if given to rapidly. -Does not cross placenta-good for C-sections |
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What are the properties of Ketamine?
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An alternate induction drug.
-A dissociative drug that produces malleable rigidity, amnesia and analgesia. -Pharyngeal/laryngeal reflexes are maintained -Because deep abdominal pain is not eliminated, with dissociative anesthesia, these are recommended only for restraint, diag. procedures and minor surgery. -Produce minor cardiac stimulation and respiratory depression. -May have a burning sensation at injection site. |