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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define respiration.
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exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and external enviroment
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What structure prevents the trachea from collapsing during breathing?
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20 c-shaped rings of hyaline cartlidge that are embedded in its walls.
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Which bronchi is the most frequent site of a forieng body blockage?
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Right
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At what vertebral level does the trachea commonly bifurcate?
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T4 of T5
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What specific structure performs the gas exchange(diffuses CO2) for the respitory system?
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alveoli
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What is the name of the serous membrane covering the lungs?
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pleura
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What is the hilus?
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An indention on the mediatinal surface of the lung area where the primary bronchi and blood vessels enter and leave the lungs.
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What structures are located in the hilus?
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bronchus, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries, lumphatic vessels, nerves
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What is the only visible, external part of the respitory system?
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nasal
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What is the glottis?
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separates vocal cords
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Define respiration.
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exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and external enviroment
|
|
What structure prevents the trachea from collapsing during breathing?
|
20 c-shaped rings of hyaline cartlidge that are embedded in its walls.
|
|
Which bronchi is the most frequent site of a forieng body blockage?
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Right
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At what vertebral level does the trachea commonly bifurcate?
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T4 of T5
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What specific structure performs the gas exchange(diffuses CO2) for the respitory system?
|
alveoli
|
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What is the name of the serous membrane covering the lungs?
|
pleura
|
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What is the hilus?
|
An indention on the mediatinal surface of the lung area where the primary bronchi and blood vessels enter and leave the lungs.
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What structures are located in the hilus?
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bronchus, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries, lumphatic vessels, nerves
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What is the only visible, external part of the respitory system?
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nasal
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What is the glottis?
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separates vocal cords
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What position and directions for breathing moves the diaphragm down to its lowest point?
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inspiration because it contracts the diaphragm and moves it down
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What is a fissure?
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separates the lobes of each lung
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Where are fissures found in the respitory system?
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horizontal fissure : between the upper and middle lobes on the right lung.
oblique fissure: separates middle and lower lobes of the right lung. oblique fissure: separates upper and lower lobes of the left lung. |
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What is the carina? Where is it located?
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a specific prominence, or ridge, of the lowest tracheal cartlidge, which is where the two bronchi begin.
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What is the difference in the names of the inner and outer layer of the pleura?
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inner: visceral pleura. covers the surface of the lungs and dips into the fissures
outer: parietal pleura. lines the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm |
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What type of cartilage comprises the "C" shaped rings of the trachea?
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hyaline cartlige
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What are the functions of a sinus?
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produce mucous that helps trap debris, resonance chamber, lights the weight of the skull
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frontal sinus
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on forehead
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ethmoid sinus
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behind eyes
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maxillary sinus
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either side of the nose
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sphenoid sinus
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in the sphenoid bone at the center of the base of the skull
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What is the route of the passage of air through the mouth to the trachea?
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oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea
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What is the route of the passage of air through the nose to the trachea?
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nostrils, vestibule, conchae, pharynx, larynx, trachea
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Which segment of the pharynx serves as an air passage only?
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nasopharynx
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What structure prohibits the passage of food and water into the trachea during swallowing?
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epiglottis
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What is the anatomical name for the strucure that forms the thyroid cartlidge? What is its lay term?
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Laryngeal prominence. Adam's Apple.
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What is the medical term for the straining motion called that enable defecation?
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Valsalva Maneuver
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What is the difference of the number of lobes in each lung?
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1 lobe. Right lung has 3 and left has 2.
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What structure is known as "the guardian of the airway?"
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epiglottis
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What is the anatomical placement of the trachea as compared to the esophagus?
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Trachea is anterior to the esophagus
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What type of cartlige comprises the c-shaped rings of the trachea?
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hyaline cartlige
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What are the names of the paranasal sinuses?
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frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid
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Where is the frontal sinus located?
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forehead
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Where is the ethmoid sinus located?
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behind eyes
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Where is the maxillary sinus located?
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either side of the nose
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Where is the sphenoid sinus located?
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in the sphenoid bone in the center at the base of the skull
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what is the route of the passage of air through the mouth to the trachea?
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oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea
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What is the route of the passage of air through the nose to the trachea?
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nostrils, vestibule, conchae, pharynx, larynx, trachea
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Which segment of the pharynx serves as an air passage only?
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nasopharynx
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What structure prohibits the passage of food and water into the trachea during swallowing?
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epiglottis
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What is the anatomical name for the structure that forms the thyroid cartilage? What is its lay term?
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laryngeal prominene. Adam's Apple
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What is the medical term for the straining motion called that enables defecation?
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valsalva maneuver
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What is the difference of the number of lobes in each lung?
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1 lobe, right has 3 and left has 2
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What structure is known as "the guardian of the airway?"
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epiglottis
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What is the anatomical placement of the trachea as compared to the esophagus?
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Trachea is anterior to the esophagus
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What is parenchyma?
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light, spongy, highly elastic substance that allows for breathing mechanism responsible for expansion and contraction of the lungs
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Where is the parenchyma?
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the lungs
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what are the five structures found in the mediastinum?
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heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea, esophagus
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What are the five functions of the nose?
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airway. moistens and warms the air, filters and cleans air, helps form speech/ sounds(resonance), olfactory receptors (smell)
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what is the primary purpose of the vibrissae and internal nasal hairs?
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prevents debris from entering your body
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What are three significant things concerning the hyoid bone?
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serves as a moveable base for the tongue, attachment point of several muscles which help elevate the larynx during speech and swallowing, frames upper, anterior larynx
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what surrounds each alveolar sac?
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fine elastic fibers
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what is consideredthe functional unit of the lungs?
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alveoli
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At what rib level is the widest diameter of the thorax found?
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8 or 9
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Where are the bronchi found: hilus or mediastinum?
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hilus
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What is the meaning of the word "phrenic?"
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diaphragm
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What structure located in the neck area serves both the digestive and respitory system?
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pharynx (oropharynx and laryngopharynx)
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What structure is connected to the mouth posteriorly?
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oropharynx
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What cartilage structure is found as the trachea bifurcates?
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carina
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What are the three main body cavities?
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thoracic, abdominopelvic, dorsal
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What is homeostasis?
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state of body equilibrium
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What is the purpose and location of the eustacian tube?
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connects middle ear to nasopharynx. drains ear and equalizes atmospheric pressure.
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What is the purpose of the nasal septum?
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separates the two nasal cavities
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What structure houses the vocal cords?
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larynx
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What is the diaphragm?
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muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
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What is the difference between the apex and base of the lung?
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apex: bluntly pointed top extending abouve clavicle about 1 inch.
base: broad bottom that sits on the diaphragm (called phrenic portion) |
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What substance helps reduce friction between the lungs' coverings?
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pleura fluid
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What is a cough?
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blast of air rushing upward over glottis, dislodges foreign material from lower respitory tract
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What is a sneeze?
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clears upper respitory
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What is a laugh?
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rush of air over glottis, emotional response
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What is a hic-cup?
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sudden inspirations of air resulting from spasms of the diaphragm
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What is the ridge of cartilage that separates the bronchi as it bifurcates?
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carina
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what structures provide the separation partition between the lobes of the lungs?
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fissures
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Which hemidiaphrahm is higher than the other half and why is this so?
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left because of the presence of the liver
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What respitory structure is suspended form the hyoid bone?
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larynx
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Why are there dark and ligh areas on the radiograph?
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different structures have different densities
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What is a KUB radiograph?
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kidney, uterers, and bladder
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