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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
arise only from segments T5 to T12 of the spinal cord |
False
|
|
SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
innervate the SA node in the right atrium |
True
|
|
SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
are responsible for bronchoconstriction |
False
|
|
SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
only ever synapse in ganglia along the sympathetic trunk |
False
|
|
SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
are responsible for vasodilation of the skin |
False
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
have a craniosacral outflow only |
True
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
generally synapse very close to the neuraxis |
False
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
are secretor motor to the mucous glands of the bronchi |
True
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
travel with the phrenic nerve in the thorax |
False
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES :
reach the limbs by running along blood vessels |
False
|
|
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
dorsal nerve roots contain both motor and sensory neurons |
False
|
|
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
each ventral ramus contains both motor and sensory neurons |
True
|
|
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
sensory neurons have their cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia |
True
|
|
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres are unmyelinated |
True
|
|
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM :
both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic ganglia contain synapses |
True
|
|
THE STERNAL ANGLE :
is part of the boundary of the inlet of the thorax |
False
|
|
THE STERNAL ANGLE :
is a secondary cartilaginous joint |
True
|
|
THE STERNAL ANGLE :
lies at the level at which the second costal cartilages meet the sternum |
True
|
|
THE STERNAL ANGLE :
is the joint between the sternal body and xiphisternum |
False
|
|
THE STERNAL ANGLE :
can be palpated in the living subject |
True
|
|
THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
give motor fibres to intercostal muscles |
True
|
|
THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
convey parasympathetic neurons to the breasts |
False
Parasymapthetic nerves only originate from the cranial and sacral regions, so a thoracic nerve, such as the fourth intercostal would not convey parasympathetic, only sympathetic. |
|
THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
contain fibres which are secretomotor to sweat glands |
True
|
|
THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
are accompanied during part of their course by branches of the internal thoracic arteries. |
True
|
|
THE FOURTH INTERCOSTAL NERVES :
are sensory to an area of skin on the anterior abdominal wall |
False
|
|
THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
each articulate with four ribs (except at T1, T11 and T12) |
True
Each of these thoracic vertebrae articulates with both its own ribs and the ribs below. |
|
THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
have articular facets on their transverse processes for articulation with the tubercles of ribs |
True
|
|
THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
give origin to the right and left crura of the diaphragm |
False
lumbar vertebrae give origin to the crura. |
|
THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
are twelve in number |
True
|
|
THORACIC VERTEBRAE :
may show flattening of the body where related to the descending aorta |
True
|
|
THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
has a collateral branch |
True
|
|
THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
has an anterior cutaneous branch |
True
|
|
THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
travels in the intercostal space above its corresponding artery and vein |
False
|
|
THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
carries sympathetic fibres |
True
|
|
THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE :
supplies the intercostal muscles of the second intercostal space |
True
|
|
THE DIAPHRAGM :
contracts during expiration |
False
|
|
THE DIAPHRAGM :
receives motor fibres from the vagus nerves |
False
|
|
THE DIAPHRAGM :
forms a sphincter around the oesophagus |
True
|
|
THE DIAPHRAGM :
arises in part as slips of muscle from the costal margin |
True
|
|
THE DIAPHRAGM :
is firmly attached to the fibrous pericardium |
True
|
|
THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the pericardium |
True
The right lung's mediastinal surface is related to the pericardium of the heart. |
|
THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the vena azygos |
True
|
|
THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the right phrenic nerve |
True
|
|
THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the aortic arch |
False
|
|
THE MEDIASTINAL SURFACE OF THE RIGHT LUNG IS RELATED THROUGH THE PLEURA TO :
the right recurrent laryngeal nerve |
False
The RRL nerve occurs around the R subclavian. |
|
A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
the internal thoracic artery |
False
|
|
A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
the costo-diaphragmatic recess |
False
|
|
A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
both internal and external intercostal muscles |
True
In the mid-clavicular line, both the internal and external intercostal muscles are definite layers of muscle. Elsewhere, these layers are membranes rather than muscles. |
|
A STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
pectoralis major |
False
|
|
STAB WOUND THROUGH THE SIXTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE INTO THE LUNG TISSUE IN THE MIDCLAVICULAR LINE WILL PASS THROUGH :
only one layer of pleura |
False
|
|
THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
is related through pleura to the trachea |
True
|
|
THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
sometimes has a segment called the azygos lobe |
True
|
|
THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
projects into the neck above the level of the clavicle |
False
|
|
THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
is separated from the suprapleural membrane by both parietal and visceral pleura |
False
|
|
THE UPPER LOBE OF THE RIGHT LUNG :
is related to the sympathetic trunk at the first rib |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
has the azygos arch above it |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
is more vertical than the left principal bronchus |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
lies enclosed in the pulmonary ligament |
False
|
|
THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
gives off the right upper lobe bronchus before entering the lung |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT PRINCIPAL BRONCHUS :
has cartilage in its walls |
True
|
|
THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
bridges over the psoas muscle |
False
Remember the positions of muscles. The Psoas is close to the vertebral column. There are two arches (Medial arcuate and Lateral Arcuate) on each side of the diaphragm. The medial arcuate is closest to the MIDLINE :. Arches over the Psoas |
|
THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
passes between the second lumbar vertebral body and its transverse process |
False
Best to remember we are talking about the diaphragm. Think about where the muscles of the diaphragm originate, on the LHS the Left crus, originating from L1 and L2 vertebra. The RHS the right crus originating from L1,2,3 vertebra. These are the main areas where the diaphragm interacts with the vertebrae. the lateral arcuate ligament is posterior, but does not interact with the vertebrae. |
|
THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
has the sympathetic trunk passing posterior to it |
False
The medial but not the lateral arcuate ligament has the sympathetic trunk pass behind it. The Sympathetic trunk lies close to the vertebral column. |
|
THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
lies posterior to the right kidney |
True
The lateral arcuate ligament are found on both sides, left and right. Even though the right kidney sits lower than the left, it overlaps with the parietal pleura. Remember the insertion points of the diaphragm: the kidneys overlap but sit in front of the diaphragm. |
|
THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
is related to the subcostal vessels |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT LUNG :
has a section called the lingula |
False
|
|
THE RIGHT LUNG :
has bronchopulmonary segments in each lobe |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT LUNG :
has a transverse fissure |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT LUNG :
is related (through pleura) to the right phrenic nerve |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT LUNG :
is firmly fused with the central tendon of the diaphragm |
False
|
|
THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
an artery or arteries that convey oxygenated blood |
True
The bronchial arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary artery does not. |
|
THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
parasympathetic fibres |
True
|
|
THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
sympathetic fibres |
True
|
|
THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
lymphatics and lymph nodes |
True
|
|
THE ROOT OF THE LUNG CONTAINS :
an artery or arteries that convey de-oxygenated blood |
True
The pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs. [NB the definition of an artery is a vessel in which blood leaves the heart, not one with oxygenated blood.] |
|
FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
musculi pectinati |
True
|
|
EATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
trabeculae carneae covering the wall of the auricular appendage |
False
|
|
FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
a valve at the entrance of the superior vena cava |
False
There can occasionally be a rudimentary flap, as a foetal remnant |
|
FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
the infundibulum |
False
|
|
FEATURES OF THE INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM INCLUDE :
a fossa ovalis |
True
|
|
THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the superior vena cava |
True
|
|
THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the aortic arch |
True
|
|
THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the interventricular groove |
False
|
|
THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the coronary sulcus |
False
|
|
THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES CAN NORMALLY BE TRACED ALONG THE MARGINS OF THE MEDIASTINAL SHADOW ON A POSTERO-ANTERIOR RADIOGRAPH OF THE CHEST :
the left auricular appendage |
True
|
|
THE MITRAL VALVE :
possesses two major cusps |
True
|
|
THE MITRAL VALVE :
"guards"the right atrioventricular orifice |
False
|
|
THE MITRAL VALVE :
has chordae tendineae |
True
|
|
THE MITRAL VALVE :
is attached to the septomarginal trabeculum (moderator band) |
False
|
|
THE MITRAL VALVE :
closes during left ventricular contraction (systole) |
True
|
|
CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
cusps of the mitral valve |
True
|
|
CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
papillary muscles |
True
|
|
CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
cusps of the aortic valve |
False
|
|
CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
the septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) |
False
|
|
CHORDAE TENDINEAE ATTACH TO :
cusps of the tricuspid valve |
True
|
|
THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
lies in the wall of the right atrium near the superior vena cava |
True
|
|
THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
imposes the rate of heart contraction |
True
|
|
THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
usually receives its oxygenated blood from a branch of the left coronary artery |
False
|
|
THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
receives sympathetic fibres |
True
|
|
THE SINU-ATRIAL NODE :
receives parasympathetic fibres |
True
|
|
BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the circumflex artery |
False
|
|
BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the anterior interventricular artery |
False
|
|
BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the marginal artery |
True
|
|
BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
the sinuatrial (SA) artery |
True
|
|
BRANCHES OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY MAY INCLUDE :
vessels that supply the wall of the pulmonary trunk |
True
|
|
THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the ascending aorta |
False
|
|
THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the inferior vena cava |
True
|
|
THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the right and left pulmonary veins |
True
|
|
THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the pulmonary trunk |
False
|
|
THE FOLLOWING BOUND THE OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS :
the left auricular appendage |
False
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
passes through the diaphragm at the level of T8 |
False
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
is about 25cms (10 ins) in length in a typical adult |
True
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
receives some of its blood from inferior thyroid arteries |
True
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
drains some of its blood into the portal system |
True
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
is separated from the right atrium by the oblique sinus of pericardium |
True
|
|
THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the left vagus nerve |
True
|
|
THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the ligamentum arteriosum |
True
|
|
THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve |
True
|
|
THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
is directly related to the superficial cardiac plexus |
True
|
|
THE ARCH OF THE AORTA ....
has its concavity at the level of the suprasternal (jugular) notch |
False
The arch of the aorta lies at the level of T4, or the 2nd intercostal space. Whereas the suprasternal notch is at the level of the clavicle. |
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
lies anterior to the thoracic duct |
True
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
has a normal constriction at the level of the bifurcation of the trachea |
True
The trachea lies infront of the oesophagus until at the level of T4 where the trachea bifurcates. At the point of bifurcation, there is a trhickening of cartilage that keeps the trachea patent. This is what constricts the oesophagus. |
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
has an oesophago-gastric junction about 40cms from the incisor teeth in adults |
True
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
can normally be seen on a P.A. chest film |
False
|
|
THE OESOPHAGUS :
has a layer of voluntary muscle throughout its entire course |
False
|
|
THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
is a branch of the brachial plexus |
False
|
|
THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
arises from cervical ventral rami |
True
|
|
THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
lies against the trachea in the superior mediastinum |
False
No. The left phrenic nerve follows the lateral surface of ARTERIAL vessels. First the LEFT SUBCLAVIAN then the LEFT COMMMON CAROTID ARTERY and finally the AORTIC ARCH. In the Superior mediastinum therefore, the left phrenic lies against the the Left subclavian artery |
|
THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
passes behind the left lung root |
False
|
|
THE LEFT PHRENIC NERVE :
contains both motor and sensory fibres |
True
|
|
CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the right crus arises from the bodies of T11 and T12 |
False
They arise from L1,2,3. Vertebral bodies. |
|
CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
some fibres of the right crus encircle the oesophagus |
True
Yes, at the level of T10 the oesophagus pieces the diaphragm. It passes through the left crus muscle fibres, and the right crus forms a sling like structure that ENCIRCLES the oesophagus |
|
CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the sympathetic trunk passes behind the lateral arcuate ligament |
False
The sympathetic trunk actually passes behind the MEDIAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT which is closer to the midliine. This is where the sympathetic trunk is, close to the vertbral column |
|
CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the medial arcuate ligament is a thickening of the fascia covering the psoas |
True
|
|
CONCERNING THE POSTERIOR ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM :
the splanchnic nerves often pierce the crura |
True
The sympathetic trunks passes behind the medial arcuate ligament.they give off 3 preganglionic nerves, Greater/lesser/least splanchic nerves. These pierce both crura to reach the abdomen |
|
STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
vagal trunks |
True
|
|
STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
the hemiazygos vein |
False
|
|
STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
branches of the left gastric vessels |
True
|
|
STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
lymphatics |
True
|
|
STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE OESOPHAGEAL OPENING IN THE DIAPHRAGM INCLUDE :
the left phrenic nerve |
False
|
|
THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
passes behind the diaphragm at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra |
True
|
|
THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
gives off posterior intercostal arteries |
True
|
|
THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
supplies branches to the oesophagus |
True
|
|
THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
lies anterior to the oesophagus just above the diaphragm |
False
|
|
THE THORACIC DESCENDING AORTA :
passes behind the diaphragm through a hiatus in company with the thoracic duct |
True
|
|
THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
is found on the right surface of the trachea in the thorax |
True
The right vagus runs along the trachea, where as the left vagus runs along arterial vessels |
|
THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
passes in front of the right lung root |
False
Don't confuse the Vagus and the Phrenic nerves.The right vagus travels behind the hilum (lung root) and forms the oesophageal plexus. The phrenic nerve passes in front of the hilum |
|
THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
contains nerve fibres whose activity speeds up the heart rate |
False
Parasympathetic fibres in the vagus reduce heart rate |
|
THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
gives parasympathetic fibres to sweat glands |
False
|
|
THE RIGHT VAGUS NERVE :
contains fibres which take part in the formation of the oesophageal plexus |
True
|
|
THE THORACIC DUCT :
enters the thorax through the aortic opening of the diaphragm |
True
|
|
THE THORACIC DUCT :
empties into the azygos vein |
False
|
|
THE THORACIC DUCT :
is found behind the oesophagus in the thorax |
True
Thoracic duct carries lymph from the lower half of the body and drains it into the brachiocephalic veins. |
|
THE THORACIC DUCT :
drains all lymph from both right and left sides of the thorax |
False
NO. the TD only drains lymph from the lower half and left upper half of the body. The RIGHT LYMPHATIC TRUNK drains the remaining right quadrant |
|
THE THORACIC DUCT :
receives lymph from the pelvis |
True
The TD only drains lymph from the lower half and left upper half of the body |