Anatomy----Respiratory System

Front 1

respiratory organs

Back 1

nasus, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Front 2

respiratory processes

Back 2

pulmonary ventilation via inspiration and expiration, gas removal from lungs to blood, gas movement from blood to cells, cellular respiration

Front 3

nasus

Back 3

framework of bone and cartilage with parts

Front 4

parts of nasus

Back 4

apex-tip
alae-inferior expansions that unite with lip
external nares-nostrils-openings to nose
bridge-superior part formed by union of nasal bones

Front 5

air movement

Back 5

external nares-vestibule-nasal meatuses-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi- secondary bronchi- tertiary bronchi-bronchioles-terminal bronchioles-respiratory bronchioles-alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs-alveoli

Front 6

meati or meatuses

Back 6

groove like passageways in nasal cavities, formed by mucous membrane over conchae

Front 7

conchae

Back 7

turbinates

Front 8

types of conchae

Back 8

superior and middle conchae are formed by ethmoid bone, inferior conchae by two separate bones

Front 9

nasal septum

Back 9

separates nasal cavities, comprised of cartilage posterior and inferior plate of the vomer bone, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (posterior and superior)

Front 10

hard palate

Back 10

separates nasal and oral cavities, horizontal plates of two palatine bones, palatine processes of two maxillae

Front 11

olfactory receptors

Back 11

responsible for sense of smell, in upper portion of the nose

Front 12

mucus membranes

Back 12

in nasal cavities, contain pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells, many goblet cells, and many capillaries.

Front 13

air conditioning in the meati

Back 13

air is warmed by blood in capillaries, moistened by mucus membrane, cleaned by mucus and cilia

Front 14

nasolacrimal ducts

Back 14

drain tears from lacrimal ducts into nasal cavity, tears help to moisten air

Front 15

paranasal sinuses

Back 15

help to condition and resonate sounds, frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal

Front 16

internal nares

Back 16

choanae, allow air to move into nasopharynx

Front 17

pharynx

Back 17

tube, 5" long, skeletal muscles and mucus membrane, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Front 18

nasopharynx

Back 18

lies over soft palate, with uvula, receives Eustachian Tubes, contains the pharyngeal tonsils

Front 19

Eustachian Tubes

Back 19

auditory or pharyngotympanic, open into middle ear, open by swallowing or yawning, helps to equalize air pressure on ear drum

Front 20

oropharynx

Back 20

extends form soft palate to level of hyoid bone, receives fauces, contains palatine and lingual tonsils

Front 21

fauces

Back 21

opening to oral cavity

Front 22

laryngopharynx

Back 22

extends downward from level of hyoid bone, empties into esophagus posteriorly and larynx and trachea anterirorly

Front 23

otorhinolaryngology

Back 23

study of diseases of ear, nose, and throat

Front 24

larynx

Back 24

voice box, functions to keep fluids and solids out via valve and cough effect, regulates airflow, framework for ligament and muscle attachment, connects pharynx to trachea and make sounds

Front 25

three single cartilage in larynx

Back 25

thyroid cartilage-Adam's Apple, epiglottic, cricoid

Front 26

three paired cartilages in larynx

Back 26

arytenoid=pyramidal, corniculated=horn shaped
cuneiform=wedge-shaped

Front 27

mucus membrane lining of larynx

Back 27

two pairs of folds, ventricular, upper and vestibular or false vocal cords, true lower or just vocal cords, stretch from arytenoids to tyroid cartilage

Front 28

vocal cords

Back 28

make sound, intrinsic skeletal muscle, pull on cartilage which stretch cords around glottis, air forced through narrow glottis, high tension=high pitch, high pressure, louder sound

Front 29

trachea

Back 29

windpipe, passageway for air, cilia move mucus up to glottis, anterior to esophagus, extends form larynx to 5th thoracic vertebrae divides into right and left primary bronchi

Front 30

trachea structure

Back 30

wall supprted by c-cartilage(16-20 horizontal incomplete rings) of hyaline cartilage, open part with trachealis, esophagus expands into trachea, C's support walls so they do not collapse

Front 31

trachealis

Back 31

smooth muscle aspect of trachea in opening of c-cartilage

Front 32

bronchi

Back 32

trachea terminates and divides into, right vertical shorter with greater diameter, both contain c's of cartilage, linings of ciliated epithelium,

Front 33

carina

Back 33

ridge marking separation of two bronchi

Front 34

secondary (lobar) bronchi

Back 34

have c's of cartilage, one for each lobe of lung, 3 right, 2 left

Front 35

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

Back 35

one for each bronchopulmonary segment, 10/lung

Front 36

bronchiole trends

Back 36

decrease in cartilage, smooth muscle increases, diameter decrease, increase # of tubes, pseudostratified ciliated to simple cuboidal to simple squamous

Front 37

alveoli

Back 37

site of air exchange in lungs

Front 38

type I alveolar

Back 38

simple squamous epithelial cells

Front 39

type II alveolar

Back 39

septal cells, produce surfactant

Front 40

surfactant

Back 40

phospholipid whihc lowers surface tension of moisture in sac

Front 41

alveolar macrophages

Back 41

dust cells, highly phagocytic

Front 42

respiratory membrane

Back 42

epithelial cells, basement membrane, endothelial cells of capillaries

Front 43

air

Back 43

atmospheric (ambient) 21 % O2, 0.04% CO2, expired air 16% O2, 4% CO2