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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anatomical position
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subject standing erect facing observer
head level, eyes facing forward feet flat, directed forward arms at sides, palms turned forward |
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prone position
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body lying face down
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supine position
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body lying face up
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head region
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skull (encloses and protects the brain)
and face (front portion of the head includes eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, cheeks, and chin) |
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neck region
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supports the head and attaches to the trunk
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trunk region
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chest, abdomen and pelvis
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upper limb
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attaches to the trunk - consists of shulder, armpit,
arm (portion of the limb from the shoulder to the elbow) forearm (portion of the limb from the elbow to the wrist) wrist and hand |
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lower limb
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attaches to the trunk -
consists of the buttock, thigh(portion of the limb from the buttock to the knee) leg (portion of the limb from the knee to the ankle) ankle and foot |
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groin
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area on the front surface of the body marked by a crease on each side, where the trunk attached to the thigh
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principal body regions
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head
neck trunk upper limbs lower limbs |
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directional terms
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words that describe the position of one body part relative to another (usually grouped in pairs)
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anterior
(ventral) |
front
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posterior
(dorsal) |
back
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superior
(cranial/cephalic) |
upper
toward head |
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inferior
(caudal) |
lower
away from head |
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medial
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nearer to the midline
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lateral
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farther from the midline
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intermediate
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between two structures
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ipsilateral
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on the same side of the body
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contralateral
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on the opposite side of the body
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proximal
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nearer to the origination of a structure or where it attaches to the trunk
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distal
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farther from the origination of a structure or where it attaches to the trunk
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superficial
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toward or on the surface
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deep
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away from the surface
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planes
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imaginary flat surfaces that pass through body parts
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section
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one flat surface or cut along a plane
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why is the plane important
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understanding the plane of a section gives knowledge as to the anatomical relationship of one part of a section to another
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sagittal plane
sagitt=arrow |
vertical plane that divides into equal right & left sides
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parasagittal plane
para=near |
vertical plane that divides into unequal right & left sides
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frontal or coronal plane
corona=crown |
vertical plane that divides into anterior & posterior portions
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transverse plane
(aka cross-sectional) |
horizontal plane horizontal plane that divides into superior & inferior portions
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oblique plane
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passes through at an angle between the transverse (upper & lower) and either a sagittal or frontal plane
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body cavities
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spaces within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs
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cranial cavity
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formed by the cranial bones-
contains the brain |
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vertebral (spinal) cavity
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formed by the vertebral column-
contains the spinal column |
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meninges
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three layers of protective tissue that line the cranial & vertebral cavities
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thoracic cavity
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formed by the ribs, muscles of the chest, sternum and thoracic vertebrae-
contains the pericardial cavity, 2 pleural cavities and the mediastinum |
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pericardial cavity
peri=around; cardial=heart |
a fluid filled space within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart
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pleural cavities
pleur=rib or side |
each cavity surrounds a lung and contains a small amount of fluid
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mediastinum
media=middle; stinum=partition |
central part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs;
extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and the neck to the diaphragm- contains all thoracic organs except the lungs; the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus and several large blood vessels |
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diaphragm
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dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
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abdominopelvic cavity
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extends from the diaphragm to the groin, encircled by the abdominal wall and the bones & muscles of the pelvis-
it is divided into two portions |
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abdominal cavity
abdomin=belly |
the superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity-
contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine |
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pelvic cavity
pelv=basin |
inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine & internal organs of the reproductive system
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viscera
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the organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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serous membrane
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a thin, slippery double layered membrane that covers the viscera and lines the walls of the thorax & abdomen
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parietal layer
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the layer of the serous membrane that lines the walls of the cavities
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visceral layer
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the layer of the serous membrane that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities
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serous fluid
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fluid between the parietal & visceral layers of serous membrane;
reduces friction |
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pleura
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serous membrane of the pleural cavity
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visceral pleura
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clings to the surface of the lungs
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parietal pleura
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lines the chest walls and the superior portion of the diaphragm
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pericardium
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serous membrane of the pericardial cavity
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visceral pericardium
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covers the surface of the heart
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parietal pericardium
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lines the chest wall
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peritoneum
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serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
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visceral peritoneum
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covers the abdominal viscera
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perietal peritoneum
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lines the abdominal wall and the inferior surface of the diaphragm
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retroperitontal organs
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organs located between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal walls
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abdominopelvic regions
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a method of dividing this cavity into 9 regions using two horizontal lines & two vertical lines
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4 lines dividing the abdominopelvic regions
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subcostal
transtubercular right & left midclavicular |
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abdominopelvic quadrants
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a method of dividing this cavity into four regions using vertical & horizontal lines that pass through the umbilicus
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