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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
metabolism
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the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the human body
there are 2 phases catabolism anabolism |
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basic life processes
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certain processes that distinguish organisms (living things) from non-living things
there are 6 important life processes of the human body |
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catabolism
catabol=throwing down; ism=condition |
the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
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anabolism
anobol=raising up; ism=condition |
building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components
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responsiveness
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body's ability to detect and respond to changes
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movement
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includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells
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growth
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increase in body size that results from an increase in
size of existing cells, number of cells, or both; also tissue can increase because the amount of material between cells increases |
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differentiation
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development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
unspecialized presursor cells (ancestor cells) aka: stem cells |
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reproduction
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formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement or
the production of a new individual |
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homeostasis
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a dynamic condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment
due to interplay of the body's regulatory processes |
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body fluids
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dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals
found inside cells as well as surrounding them |
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intracellular fluid
intra=inside |
ICF
fluid within cells |
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extracellular fluid
extra=outside |
ECF
fluid within cells |
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interstitial fluid
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ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissues
aka the body's internal environment |
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blood plasma
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ECF within blood vessels
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lymph
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ECF within lymphatic vessels
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cerebrospinal fluid
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ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord
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synovial fluid
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ECF in joints
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aqueous humor and vitreous body
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ECF of the eyes
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feedback system
aka feedback loop |
cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed,
remonitored, reevaluated ... |
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controlled condition
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monitored variable in a feedback system
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stimulus
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any disruption that changes the controlled condition of a feedback system
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3 basic components of a
feedback system |
receptor
control center effector |
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receptor
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monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center
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control center
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sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained;
evaluates the input it receives from receptors; generates output commands when needed, usually in the form of nerve impulses or hormones |
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effector
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body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
nearly every organ of tissue can behave as an effector |
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negative feedback system
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reverses a change in a controlled condition-
the response will slow and then stop as the controlled condition returns to normal- regulates conditions in the body that remain fairly stable (ie. blood pressure, temperature...) |
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positive feedback system
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strengthen or reinforces a change in a controlled condition-
continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism- reinforces conditions that do not happen very often (ie. blood loss, childbirth...) |
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disorder
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any abnormality of structure or function
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disease
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illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
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local disease
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disease that affects one part or a limited region of the body
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systemic disease
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disease that affects the entire body or several parts of it
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symptoms
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subjective changes in body function that are not apparent to an observer
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signs
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objective changes that a clinician can observe and measure; they can be
anatomical(ie. swelling or rash) physiological (ie. fever, high blood pressure, paralysis) |
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epidemiology
epi=upon; demi=people |
science that deals with why, when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted
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pharmacology
pharmac= drug |
science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease
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diagnosis
dia=through; gnosis=knowledge |
science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another
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