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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Because of Wolff's law, curved bones are thickest where they are most likely to what?
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bend and buckle
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What happenes to the hyaline cartilage as a child grows?
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hc on inside is digested away
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Because of Wolff's law, large bony projections occur where what attach?
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heavy active muscles
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Broken bones push each other- fracture
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impacted
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In Wolff's law, neg. charges are what?
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deposition
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Hyaline cartilage is completely covered with what made by osteoblasts?
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bone matrix
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In Wolff's law, mechanical forces produce equivalent electrical signals which stimulate what?
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growth of bone
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What is the first step in repairing a fracture?
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hematoma forms
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In In Wolff's, elec. fields prevent PTH from what?
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stimulating osteoclasts at fracture site
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What is hematopoletic tissue?
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red marrow
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What is wolff's law?
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bone grows/remodels in response to the forces/stresses on it
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How are fractures treated?
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reduction (realignment)
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Because of Wolff's law, long bones become thickest where?
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midway along the shaft
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What kind of tissue contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
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connective
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Electrical signal (Wolff's law) proportional to what?
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applied force
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For optimal bone deposition we need what?
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Ca, Mg, P, Vit: A,C,D
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Load or force placed on long bones is usually in the form of what?
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bending
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What is the embryonic skeleton mostly made up of?
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hyaline cartilage
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Bones can hollow due to lack of what?
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force in the center
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When PTH is secreted, what happens?
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Ca is removed from the bones
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The bone's anat reflects what?
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stresses on it
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Red marrow in adults is found only where?
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Spongy bone
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What is the last step in fracture repair?
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remodeling; bony callus remodels into a stronger patch; caused by a MECHANICAL stimulus
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As blood calcium levels decline, what is secreted?
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PTH
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In Wolff's law, pos. charges are what?
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absorption
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Fat tissue is also known as what?
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yellow marrow
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What is the second step of fracture repair (after hematoma)?
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break is splintered by a fibrocartilage callus to close the gap
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fragmented fracture
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comminuted
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Trabeculae of spongy bone act as trusses along lines of what?
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compression
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What determines where the bone attaches?
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proximal/distal location
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When the bony callus is formed (fract repair), what migrates to the area?
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osteoblasts/clasts
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open fracture
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compound
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Bending in long bones creates what on opposite sides?
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tension/compression
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What is the "liner" of the medullary cavity?
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endosteum
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Why is the middle of a bone hollow?
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no force; not stimulated to make bone matrix
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Closed fracture
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simple
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Force is minimal in what part of the long bone?
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center
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At birth, the only cartilage remaining is what kind of cartilage?
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articular
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What is the third step in fracture repair?
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bony callus is formed
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What takes over when PTH secretions stop?
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osteoblasts
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What occurs when yellow marrow in adults converts to red?
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anemia
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What happens when the bone is coaxed back into place by a physician?
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closed reduction?
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What is the point between the diaphysis and epiphysis?
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Epipyseal line
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Why does a hematoma form in repairing a fracture?
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blood from ruptured vessels fill swelling
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Short, irregular flat bones are like sandwiches made of thin plates of what?
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periosteum covered compact bone (outside) and endosteum covered spongy layer (inside, "diploe")
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Bone popped inward- fracture
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depressed
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Where is articular cartilage found?
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ends of bones, epiphyseal plate
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from twisting- fracture
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spiral
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What is the reminent of hyaline cartilage where childhood growth occurs?
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Epipyseal line
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What stimulates osteoclasts?
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PTH hormone
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What is the "sac" covering the diaphysis?
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periosteum
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As blood Calcium levels increase, what stops?
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PTH secretions
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What is the epiphysis made of?
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spongy bone
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Crushed bone- fracture
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Compression
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What is the end of a long bone called?
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epiphysis
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partial break- hyaline cart. - fracture
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greenstick
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What is the shaft of the bone called?
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diaphysis
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What happens whne surgery is needed (+pins, wires) to fix a fracture?
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open reduction
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What kind of marrow is found in adults?
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yellow
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What kind of fracture can be either simple or compound?
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comminuted
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Where is the bone marrow located?
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medullary cavity
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Cells closest to the diaphysis secrete what (lengthening in long bones..)?
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calcified matrix
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What is the diaphysis made of?
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compact bone
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How does the long bone lengthen?
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cartilage cells divide, pushing plate away from diaphysis
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What kind of marrow is found in children?
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red
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What regulates bone growth?
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human growth hormone
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Where does the lengthening of long bones occur?
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epipyseal plate
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The rate of deposition is highest when?
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as a child
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Where does the widening of long bones occur?
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periosteum surrounding the diaphysis
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Do depositing/removal of bone occur at the same time?
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yes
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How does a long bone widen?
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osteoblasts form new osteons
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Human growth hormone is secreted by what?
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the thyroid gland
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When are deposition and removal of bone about equal?
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as an adult
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