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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Effectors
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implement the response to return the body to homeostasis
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Control Center
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receives information from various receptors to integrate and determine the response needed to return to the setpoint
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Receptor
(sensor) |
detects any deviation from the setpoint
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Setpoint
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the normal value of a variable factor such as temperature
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Feedback System
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the body sends informaton back into the system to induce a response.
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Homeostasis
(1 of 2) |
the steady-state equilibrium existing in the body and the maintenance of this state. Associated with the relative constancy of the chemical and physical environment in the cells and in the organism itself.
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Homeostasis
(2 of 2) |
Water, nutrients, and oxygen are part of the chemical requirements to maintain homeostasis; a constant temperature and atmospheric pressure are part of the physical requirements
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Excretion
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the process of removing waste products from the body
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irritability
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Response of the body to an internal or external stimulus
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Asexual Reproduction
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the duplication of a single cell. Results in two identical daughter cells; occurs in growth and repair
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Sexual Reproduction
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Reproduction in humans involves production of sperm and egg cells and their union to form a fertilized egg cell which develops into a new individual
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Reproduction
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the ability of the body to replicate itself. Growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of an entirely new individual.
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Conductivity
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the ability of cells to receive stimuli and transport them from one body part to another. This characteristic is associated with nerve cells and muscle cells.
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Growth
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an increase in the size of body cells and/or the body itself. The process of an organism when it obtains materials from the environment and increases its mass.
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Movement
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the result of contracting muscle cells. Can be voluntary (skeletal muscles) or involuntary (heart muscle)
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Reproductive System
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produces sex cells for the next generation
testes, ovaries and associated reproductive structures |
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Urinary System
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Removes metabilic wastes from the bloodstream
kidney, bladder, and associated ducts |
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Immune System
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Removes foreign chemicals and microorganisms from the bloodstream
T-lympohcytes, B-lymphocytes, and marophages; lymph structures |
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Circulatory System
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Transports cells and materials throughout the body.
Heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymph structures |
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Respiratory System
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Collects oxygenand exchanges it for carbon dioxide
lungs, pharynx, trachea, and other air passageways |
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Digestive System
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Digests food and absorbs soluble nutrients from ingested food.
Teeth, salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, intestines, liiver, and pancreas |
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Muscular System
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Permits body movement.
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle |
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Endocrine System
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Chemically coordinates and integrates the activities of the body.
Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and other ductless glands |
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Nervous System
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Receives stimuli, integrates information, and coordinates the body functions
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs |
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Skeletal System
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Protects the body and provides support for locomotion and movement.
Bones, cartilage, and ligaments |
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Integumentary System
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Covers the body and protects it.
Skin, hair, nails and sweat glands |
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Anabolism
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the buildup of organic matter, usually requiring and input of energy
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Catabolism
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the breakdown of organic matter, usually with the release of energy
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Metabolism
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the sum total of all chemical processes occurring in the body. Divided into anabolism and catabolism
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Organism
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Body systems working together
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Organ System
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composed of several organs with complementary functions
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Organ
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composed of two or more different kinds of tissues
e.g., stomach is composed of ipithelial tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and connective tissue. |
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Tissue
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a group of ceels of similar structure working together and performing the same function.
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Cell
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the fundamental unit ofliving things.
Within it are such subcellular structures as thenucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and lysosomes. |
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Molecules
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Atoms combine with one another to form molecules.
Important molecules in the human body include water, sodium chloride, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. |
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Atoms
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the ultramicroscopic building blocks of matter. The units of elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sodium
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Renal Physiology
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Deals with the Exretory system and its activities
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Neurophysiology
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the study of nerve function
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Reproductive Physiology
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the study of reproductive organs and the methods for reproduction
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Cytology
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the study of cells and how they function
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Histologic Anatomy
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the study of cells, tissues, and organs as observed with a microscope
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Gross Anatomy
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concerns body structures seen without the use of a microscope
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Developmental Anatomy
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the development of the individual fromthe feritlized egg to the adult form.
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Visceral Layer
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covers an organ
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Parietal Layer
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lines a cavity
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Lumbar Region
(right and left) |
lateral to the umbilical reagion
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Hypochondriac Region
(right and left) |
lateral to the epigastric region
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Hypogastric Region
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Immediately inferior to the umbilical region
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Epigastric Region
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immediately superior to the umbilical region
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Umbilical Region
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At the center of the abdomen
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Pelvic Subdivision
(inferior) |
contains the bladder, certain reproductive organs and the rectum
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Abdominal Subdivision
(superior) |
stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
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Peritoneal Cavity
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abdominopelvic cavity.
Contains the visceral organs of the abdomen and pelvis |
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Mediastinum Region
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houses pericardial cavity which houses the heart
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Pericardial Cavity
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Lies within the thoracic cavity and is medial to the pleural cavities
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Pleural Cavity
(right and left) |
each half houses a lung
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Abdominopelvic Cavity
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contains the abdominal and pelvic subdivisions
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Thoracic Cavity
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surrounded by ribs and muscles of the chest and is subdivided into the right and left pleural cavities
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Spinal Cavity
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houses the spinal cord
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Cranial Cavity
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houses the brain
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Ventral Body Cavity
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located on the anterior (ventral or front) aspect of the body
subdivided into thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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Dorsal Body Cavity
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located along the posterior (dorsal or backside) surface of the body
divided into cranial cavity and spinal cavity |